Expert view: Chinese thinking ETC workingout

With the progress of ITS research and development, electronic toll collection system for the rapid rise in the countries of the world, forming a huge market and industry.

Some traffic large and rapidly increasing service level requirements of the region have been or will soon introduce overseas toll collection equipment, but also in electronic toll collection system has many advantages that make their own rapidly expanding momentum increasingly obvious. In October 1996, the Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of highways and the Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan to electronic toll collection system for technology exchange and live demonstrations, domestic electronic toll collection systems development have made certain progress. At the end of 1996, Beijing capital Highway Development Corporation and United States Amtech Corporation at the capital airport Highway electronic toll collection for a trial, and in 1998 investment of $ 10 million RMB up Beijing speed company. Specialized in electronic toll collection system for business development. In early 1996, Guangdong cheery company adopts United States Tl company toll collection equipment in Guangdong for the engineering test ETC. As of 1998 already in Nanhai, Foshan, Shunde, etc. to integrate more than 40 electronic toll collection lanes and put into use. Average daily trading volume of lane has over 1000 times, in the South China Sea region of vehicle population reached 50%. Jiangsu Shanghai-Nanjing Highway closed electronic toll collection system adopts MicroDesign company's upcoming line of products, ETC. At present, the domestic launch not parking infrastructure better, Department of Guangdong Province has commissioned the new Guangdong co., Ltd. Guangdong Province is responsible for the province's electronic toll collection system for construction and operation of a pilot project involving management, in Guangdong Province "5-way two bridges" – open-fo, fo, guangqing, Guangzhou-Shenzhen, North ring, Humen bridge, luoxi bridge. The total investment of over $ 200 million Yuan, will be in three to five years to complete.

Internally the ETC system has been opened in actual operation indicates that they are safe, reliable, stable and accurate.

However, we have to face the fact that the Guangdong, Beijing, Jiangsu and Freeway management companies respective introduced mutually incompatible ETC toll system. ETC toll system's fundamental strengths lie in its range of compatibility, but our more common phenomenon is "the way a company" management system, the freeway management company has a large independent operation, if the end user purchases ETC toll service can only be used in a way, the social benefits, economic benefits would be greatly diminished, extremely detrimental to the popularization of ETC systems.

A standardized conditions abroad, ETC

According to the experience of building and abroad ETC, ETC system first to ETC related technology and equipment standard choice, in standardized, unified standard platform for the construction of the background system.

ETC standardization is a comprehensive basis for work, is to develop the basis for technical regulations ETC, to promote technological progress, improve overall effectiveness, improving social and economic benefits. At present, international ETC related technology and equipment of research and development of the standards work has achieved remarkable results. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Technical Committee No. 204-5 the Working Group is responsible for charging technology standards, 15 working group responsible for the dedicated short range communication protocol DSRC standards, electronic toll collection system lane antenna and on-board electronic label the DSRC communication protocol is. ISO/TC204 15 working years of work have achieved initial results published two documents:

As the world's leading industrial countries in the standards ETC have their own reasons, involves the physical layer, etc ETC have been unable to agree, so ISO/TC204 Committee has not yet developed the global harmonization of technical standards ETC.

Europe is in the area of standardization in progress ETC faster regions, the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) 278 Committee Working Group 1 for automatic toll collection areas (including e-money payment in the field of transport, as well as through the GSM network for automatic charging) technologies standardization research, 9 working group specifically for dedicated short range communication DSRC standards into.

CEN TC278 DSRC/Committee Specification earlier carried out research, has now published the relevant standard ETC as table 1.

Table 1

Japan, the United States and other countries on technical standards also ETC of an in-depth study and are submitted to the International Organization for Standardization on non-stop charging standard draft.

Japan construction, and road public mission in June 1995, the national organization of more than 10 units in the country for electronic toll collection system for field testing, test stem end of March 1996, August 1996, published its final report, the technical parameters and test results are detailed below. In 1997, under the coordination of the Government of Japan, has prepared a draft relating to non-stop charging, in 1998 a nationwide unified promotional electronic toll collection system, to ensure the nationwide compatibility.

In organizations and in the draft submitted by the States, Europe and Japan's standard is more mature, won the manufacturers a broad support.

In February 1999 the ITU held in Geneva, Switzerland — R/SG8/WP8A meeting, ASTAP proposal book "TICS (TransportInformationandControlSystem) DSRCAT58GHz" recognition. As the "full duplex" passive (PASSrVE) 2 the European (CEN and Italy and as a "full-duplex active (ACTWE)" Japan style, by 1999 years Research Committee November SG89 (StudyGroup8) recognition, and its after the wireless communications Association (Radio — CommunicationAssembryj recognition was officially entered the international statute and international treaties. According to the 1999 ITSInternationar magazine latest findings, of the 16 international well-known ETC device manufacturers have announced support for 11/CEN TC278 Committee published technical standards. Due to the international community in the field of technical standards ETC have not yet been fully consolidated, ETC system involves technical norms and standards more exactly what standard is consistent with the domestic status of the application ETC system and its future development is for us an important issue. According to the various international organizations and countries developed by ETC standards, unifies our country in the etc system application in actual projects, we can say that foreign ETC standards in China toll collection system in the existing circumstances.

Second, national standardization and principles ETC

Domestic application in research and ETC to invest a lot of technology and capital, but also achieve great results, such as domestic work ETC standards laid a good foundation of technology.

In this process, there have been quite a lot of problems, such as the previously mentioned "all the way to a card ', these are seriously affecting the ETC system in China's health development, and ETC system development and application of follow-up, therefore, develop standards ETC without delay. Domestic standard sector very early interest ETC related technology standards. August 1996, the State Bureau of technical supervision and guidance of the competent Department of the Ministry, the State Development Planning Commission decided to set its highway traffic project comprehensive standardization research facilities. In December 1997 to sign formal research contracts. The content is a complete integrated highway traffic engineering facilities standardization research reports and the standardization system table and the corresponding test based on the first needed 20 ~ 25 standard DSRC toll system, ETC is one of the items.

In view of the current domestic ETC system application status and development trend of the international standard for DSRC, May 1998, the Technical Committee ISO/TC204 in China to the Ministry of Communications Radio Council will 58Ghz band allocated to intelligent transportation systems technology area of short range communication (including ETC toll collection system).

The national radio Administration agreed to test, specific technical indicators in table 2.

Table 2

Because of the toll collection system is a new, comprehensive technology and networked user services for the purpose, therefore, the domestic industry of network electronic toll collection and standardization of, helps promote domestic electronic toll collection system of standardization and normalization.

According to the needs of domestic development, Ministry of communications in January 1998, issued a "network environment ETC toll system research and promote the application of" joint research projects, designed to comprehensively systematically study ETC toll system of technical components and interface specification, electromagnetic compatibility, network, technical details of the settlement, so as to safeguard the country's largest range of system compatibility, ensuring Highway management company and the interests of end users, etc, ETC toll market health and speed of development. In the standardization work ETC, the main principles are as follows: actively adopting international standards and advanced standard, closely follow the development of international standards and ETC, the international standard and international advanced standard with our current standards for comparison and choose the country of the relevant technical standards ETC and make use of the scientific and technological achievements at home and abroad with a standard form, in accordance with the standard production, promotion and application in production. To take full account of the level of economic development and sustainability, in the near future the main considerations of passive ETC systems. Based on the intelligent transport system on DSRC requests, consider passive ETC system smooth transition to active, intelligent transportation systems provide high-speed short range communication link. Consider the openness and compatibility standards must have the support of many manufacturers and the manufacturers of the card and read-write device compatible. In order to meet the requirements of the expressway toll, ETC device interface should be consistent with the expressway toll of relevant regulations and standards, and support for in-vehicle unit (OBU) use double chip IC card. In short, to raise our ETC standard system through research and adjustment is completed with the international standards level, suitable for China's national conditions, technologically advanced standard system ETC.