UHF RFID tags for digital circuit design

Summary: in the study of the reader and RFID tags on the basis of the communication process, combining EPC C1G2 Protocol as well as ISO/IEC18000.6 agreement, the use of VHDL Design a UHF radio frequency labels of digital circuits.

On the circuit of system structure and module implementation methods are described. Based on 0.18 μ m CMOS technology standard cell library, using EDA tools for integrated circuit for the front-end and back-end physical implementation. The simulation results indicate that the circuits in compliance with the agreements, the integrated circuit scale after about 11000 door, power consumption of about 35 μ W. The circuit can be applied to a variety of UHF RFID tags section of the digital part.

1 Introduction

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology as a new kind of automatic identification technology, both at home and abroad in recent years has been rapid development.

At present, China's development of RFID products generally low frequency-based, such as the second-generation ID card, ticket management. In the UHF segment our homegrown products less, making it difficult to adapt to the huge market demand and intense international competition. Ultra-high frequency (UHF) label refers to the operating frequency in the 860 ~ 960 MHz RFID tags with read/write long distance, reading speed, scope broad, etc., can be widely used in logistics management, storage, access control, etc. In order to meet market needs, this article to EPC C1G2 agreement, ISO/IEC18000.6 supplement, designed a UHF labels of digital circuits.

2 UHF RFID tag works

Radio frequency identification systems are typically determined by the reader (Reader) and RFID tag (RFID Tag).

Attached to the question to identify objects on the RFID tag memory agreed format for electronic data, as the question to identify items of identifying information. The reader can read labels with no contacts in the electronic data or information is written to the tag, in order to achieve the object of the automatic identification and management. Reader and RFID tags in accordance with the conventions of communication protocol using advanced RF technology to communicate with each other, their basic communication process is as follows.

(1) the reader role within the label carrier receiving reader sends energy, power-on reset;

(2) label receive reader sends commands and operations;

(3) the reader choose and inventory order issued on label identification, selected a single tag to communicate, the remaining labels temporary dormant;

(4) unrecognized tags perform Reader access to the command is sent, and inverse scattering modulation mode sends data to the reader, to sleep, then no longer answer to the reader;

(5) the reader to the remaining labels continue to repeat the search, (3)

(4), respectively, wake-up a single label for read until identify all labels.

3 UHF RFID tags with structural and system specifications

UHF RFID tags in the diagram shown in Figure 1, from analog and digital made up of two parts.

Analog circuit including antennas, wake-up clock generation circuits, circuit, envelope detector circuit, circuit and reflection modulation circuit; digital part of the main implementation of EPC reader communication protocol, to identify and execute commands, such as when reading multiple labels anticollision method, perform the reader sends a read/write command, the realization of the reader and the tag's communication process and output data as encoded. Agreement provides for labelling system specification as shown in table 1.

　　

4. the label design of digital circuits

4.1 circuit design of the overall system

After the contents of the agreement, this article takes an in-depth study of design method, Top.down first circuit features a detailed description, in accordance with the functionality of the entire system for modular Division; then a hardware description language VHDL RTL code design and functional simulation; function correctly after using EDA tools, process library optimized for logic synthesis; and finally uses the automatic layout wiring for formation of chip layout design.

This article determines the structure of the system diagram as shown in Figure 2, which includes decoding module, CRC (cyclic redundancy check, a cyclic redundancy check) calibration module, state machine modules, CRC generation module, memory, encoding module and clock frequency module. Decoding module receives analog demodulation of command signals, in accordance with the agreement of command format will signal decoding a tag number portion of the recognized binary data, and send it to the CRC modules and state machine modules. CRC modules to command the integrity check, if recognized as a valid command, the trigger state machine modules, control tab to perform operations such as read-write memory, anti-collision control, etc. When processing is complete, the data will be sent to the CRC generation modules produce the appropriate CRC checksum, and then will be sent together with the data and parity-check codes sent to encoding module, the module by coding to a specific form of pulse is sent to the analog part for processing and use of radio frequency technology to the reader. To reduce power consumption, the clock frequency module for global clock frequency, the frequency of frequency can be used by other modules using the digital part. Memory storage labels identifying information. The following will describe the implementation of the various modules.

　　

4.2 decoding module implementation method

The command takes the reader to issue PIE (pulse.interval encoding) format, in order to synchronize the head (preamble), as shown in Figure 3.

Decoding module implementation method: first judgment on the first synchronization, the labels for the input signalDetection, once detected falling edge description may be a new command delimiter (the delimiter), count low level, will count values stored in registers count0, simultaneous detection of the input signal is a rising edge jump to jump on the rise, the data is cleared to zero recount and after the count value delimiter into register count, continue to compare registers the value of the count count0 and, as shown in Figure 3, figure out the relationship between the delimiter, data 0, RTcal (reader to tag calibration), TRcal (tag to reader calibration), confirm the synchronization of the head; and then synchronize the data after the head than RTcal/2 short as data 0, than RTtcal/2 long as data 1, from a range of high and low level of recovery of the real 1 signal and the signal, 0 into the command registers, and provides the control state machine and validation module related flags.

4.3 CRC checksum generation module

UHF RFID system uses a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) to determine data validity and integrity, CRC can protect reader of RjT (reader to tag) command and inverse scattering of TjR tag (tag to reader) sequence.

From a mathematical point of view, the CRC is used will be processing data bytes as a binary polynomials coefficient of A (), the coefficient is divided by the sender and the receiver predetermined good generated polynomial g (), you will find the remainder of the P () as CRC. CRC calculation includes to calculate the CRC value of the data bytes, as well as all previous data byte CRC value. When a block is transmitted, the data sender computes the data block of the CRC and check code attached to the block of data transmission together after. Data receiver computes all received data CRC values, the result is always zero, or during the transfer process must transmit error occurred. Zero calibration can easily analyze data integrity and avoid costly checksum comparison process. Agreement with linear feedback shift register for CRC checksum, CRC.5 CRC.16 validation of circuit diagram shown in Figure 4.

4.4 RF tags in state machine

RFID tag all actions are based on a series of logical control state transitions, such as the label in the core of digital circuits.

This design uses finite-state machine to enable this module here uses three types of basic operations and 7 typical State. As shown in Figure 5, when you receive a different command, the label will be in 7 State between conversions. Select (select) command and inventory (inventory) command is used to identify from the label group a specific one, label the corresponding status is ready, arbitrate, reply, acknowledged; once the label is recognized, the reader will be issued access (access) orders, read the label of information or send information to the label, the label of the corresponding status is open, secured, and killed.

　　

Identify multiple tags with stochastic precipitation tank anti-collision algorithm (slotted random anti.collision algorithm) to resolve the conflict.

Reader to read and write to the scope of each label sent contains parameter Q (a value of 0 to 15) of the Query command, the control label to their respective precipitation tank within the loaded a counter Q value of random numbers (range 0 ~ 2Q.1), random number generation is mainly based on linear feedback shift register. The reader then issued other inventory command to change the value of a random number, random number only when a value of 0, the label will not be answered. If multiple labels of the counter value is 0, these tags at the same answer, causing a conflict. The reader after a conflict is detected, the command issued inventory labels for conflict from random numeric value 0000h (hexadecimal) to 7FFFh, and then set the new Q parameter to random hash decomposer counter values, making the conflict more tags individually identified, keep an active tag and reader creation impact communication, thus effectively resolved the conflict. Although this method of distinguishing linearity (215_1) than binary search method (2 septentrionalis) low, but high reading speed, calculus, prevention mechanisms complete several signal collision possibilities, significantly reduce the probability of collisions of the signal.

4.5 coding module

Tag backscatter to reader data using FM0 coding, Figure 6 shows the encoding format. FM0

　　

FM0 encoded data before a previous synchronization code, choose the former synchronous code from the reader's command of TRext parameters; FM0 coding in each data boundaries reverse phase and in the middle of reverse phase 0 data.

FM0 coding with memory function, a series of signal, after a level you must accept the end level on a bit, so you will need a register contains a bit on the end level signal, thereby to judging the next signal starting level. According to the reader's command to determine the label returned data link frequency (LF: link frequency), the internal clock count produces the required frequency as label returns data send rate. To reduce power consumption, you can set the global clock frequency, the lower the clock frequency. In order to correctly implement encoding functionality, you need to fully understand the standard, based on the strict definition of the module with the state machine interfaces betweenSequence. Encoding module only state machine module in the sequence on the close coordination, both sides to properly send and receive signals. Realization process: when the state machine sent makes can signal when encoding module effectively into the encoding status, while the state machine to send out the data signal; encoding module is triggered after the start, first of all, in accordance with the agreements before synchronous code, then you want to output the data then click encoding, resulting in a level 1 bit half 0 signal, or harmonization level 1 signals, serial; when the state machine to send the last bit of data at the same time, notification encoding module, state machine data has been sent.

4.6 memory and storage control logic

RFID tag data information is stored in the storage, general use EEPROM to store EPC code and password, and other labels identifying information.

Memory and state machine interface 5 J: Di is memory input data signal; Do is store output data signal; Addr is memory input address signal; oen is output enable signal memory, high level of effective; cen is the memory chip, enabling effective signal, high level; we are the memory read/write control signal, we write valid = 1; when reading we = 0.

5 simulation results and layout

This article uses the VHDL UHF RFID tags were completed for digital circuit design, RTL code on the tag and reader communication process for comprehensive simulation and emulation, and is based on a 0.18 μ m CMOS technology standard cell library, the EDA tools used on the integrated circuit for the front-end and back-end physical implementation.

The simulation results as shown in Figure 7, you can see, the integrated circuit will reader after issue of the format command CMD data PIE succeeded in decoding the binary data, stored in command register command and in control state machine and validation module related commands enable signal (Query QueryAdjust — en en, etc.); in various commands enable signals triggered by label do, according to the reader requires all output data (rn, handle, and so on); and the output data encoding generated CMD out FM0; also implements the interface with the memory. Simulation results show label digital circuit in various situations are functioning, fully meet the agreements. Integrated circuit scale after about 11000 door, power consumption of about 35 μ w. Because the circuit is very large, through automatic layout line layout design, the design of the layout shown in Figure 8. Empire has passed the DRC (design rule check) and LVS (layout and circuit diagrams are consistent comparison) authentication, time-series analysis also suffice, the circuit has a large margin, higher reliability.

　　

　　

　　

　　

6 closing

This article is based on EPC C1G2 and ISO/IEC18000-6 protocol, use of VHDL Design and EDA tools for UHF RFID tags for digital circuit that can be applied to work in a variety of UHF RFID tags section of the digital part.

The article gives the simulation results indicate that complete the design consistent with the agreements. Logic synthesis also get satisfactory results, ensure the circuit of high performance and back-end design with a smooth finish. Later work is the result of convection film, also to be tested, in meeting the agreement on the basis of the functional requirements, how to simplify the circuit structure as possible and minimize the power consumption is a further research.

Technology case study: CPU card applications and password management technology (1)

This article to LEGIC CPU card application programmes — "card card", for example, on the CPU card application encryption algorithm, a comprehensive introduction, pointed out that the encryption method based on universal CPU system security also poses a security risk.

Recommended CPU card application is selected through a security certification (GP, EAL +), preferably with AES encryption method of CPU card technology; the choice of the COS, the best use of a communication security certification of the system, as well as the best Java based COS, as JCOP, etc.

End-to-end security

In the course of the entire card, LEGIC provides CPU card application programmes, not only from the front of the card for data confidentiality, to the end to read data from a reader sent in the process, have a very strict protection.

Figure 1 is the card to the data in the air transport, to gather data, the card reader to reader put data transmission a point-to-point data security.

Figure 1

1, card data protection in the

The CPU card unique MTSC (primary token system) is a key management system.

Each token is a key gene. The key is to protect data from key genes plus the card's UID number, through the operation of the program, the card initialization process. So the card after initialization, it established a "one card" dense "and a fan of a dense" to protect the data within your sector. Using encryption methods, in addition to the General DES, 3DES, SHA-1, there are also new CPU card application uses AES encryption method. Due to a system-supplied read head and CPU card applications, and supports online update, there is a guarantee of security.

System not only on the card to make protection of data, such as the application need, even open serial number (UID) can also be encrypted.

So you can guarantee the uniqueness of the UID, while enhancing security.

System although the diversification of key concepts (DiversifyKey) to protect the data, but each chip card key operations program.

The "hackers", explains a chip-key operation method, does not mean that the other types of chips together, break, in fact, he has to start from scratch. In addition to the traditional logic of high security encryption technology, written on the CPU card data not only COS of key protection by, while also protecting their data, which not only more secure and will not conflict with other applications, which is also on the CPU card application.

2. reader and card data transmission between

All of the reader and card at the beginning of the communication, flowing through a verification process to ensure that the card reader in front of the card is not a real CPU card, rather than "clone cards".

The advantage is that you can prevent an attempt to steal the air transport data.

Card reader and card communication is absolutely not protect data key in the air transport, this is to ensure that key security.

All data transfer can choose their own encryption methods can choose to market generic DES, 3DES or AES (only on the achieved AFS4096) encryption methods.

The advantage is that even if the data was stolen in transit, or you cannot unpack the contents of the data itself.

All data transmission can be combined with validation (CRCCheck), this also ensures that the data transmission of stability and reliability.

3, card reader security

CPU card reader is automatically eliminate token functionality, to match the card reader store upon illegal open, token will be automatically eliminated.

The PSAM card storage used relative key to security. Because the event sat card reader or POS terminal is stolen, along with the PSAM card will be stolen. The PSAM card technology and the DES algorithm is widely used, but it has been argued for security. First, DES as lucifer algorithm version, but the password from lucifer algorithm 128 bits in length, turned into a 56-bit. 56-bit cipher should be sufficient to protect against brute force attacks. Second, the internal structure is essential in DES of s-box design standard is confidential and cannot be sure it is secure. The password information stored on the chip itself, better security.

CPU card reader accept related tokens authorization can only be related to the card reading and writing, with no password.

Authorize the card is in kind, can authorize and back, allowing to manage risk.

4, the reader to the computer and communications security

Reader-to-computer communication, you can also use authentication and encryption for data protection.

Its realization and wireless interface is similar to the third certification no longer dwell. Above all the different security features are in the technology base to increase its own complexity, relative also increases resistance to cracking of the technology itself.

Password management system

Password management generally include password generation, password, dispersion, password pass, the following password management is the management of the Ministry of construction's password.

Key card in a new key is generated mainly two kind of way: that is, directly in the key card in the new key; in other security devices to generate new key, and then load it into the key card.

Generate a new key data, can be a bit single, key in the form of seeds. Code key single is actually a form of seed, it will seed data into several parts, respectively controlled by different people, which can raise security of system.

Different application keys are based on the encryption algorithm for distributed computing.

After the data from the seeds, to apply the master key, the distinction between keys, cards, multi-tiered distributed key progressive decentralized. The key purpose of decentralized even when aSub key compromise, nor the security threat management master key because the key is not available from the child and decentralized data derived from the master key, thereby improving system security, reduces security risks and management costs.

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NXP join Hong Kong high score card companies together to create new consumption patterns

NXP semiconductor (NXP Semiconductors) today announced that its Plus X 4K chip for Hong Kong high score card co., Ltd. (Go Fun Card Limited), as its latest new wisdom shopping card "score card" chip solution.

As the first adoption Plus X full-function version of the application, Plus outstanding safety performance CPU, high score card provides a new circulation value-added "Score Watch" consumption system. Not only does it provide the cardholder a new integral and printing more storage, more consumer incentives e consumption patterns, more effectively improve the franchisee, joint venture businesses visibility, and turnover.

The earliest Plus CPU chips from NXP semiconductors to launch in 2009, the technology for contactless smart card system introduces a new standard of security and privacy protection.

Plus CPU card chip with 128-bit advanced encryption (AES), 2k/4k byte EEPROM and a unique serial number, and support from existing MIFARE ClassicTM schema migrations, which provides customers with a secure upgrade path. System integrators and operators can be used for automatic ticketing system, membership cards, access control management and micro-payment system to add more security. In addition, Plus CPU chip performance with multiple safety, if in the reasonable application infrastructure, you can prevent the personal information is to identify and trace. Plus CPU card chip card also supports the new pre-release, coexistence between new and old card and software infrastructure upgrades, etc., the implementation of the programme of conversion also bring more convenience. The score card, Executive Director, Mr. HUANG Chen Chang: "NXP high-quality, high security performance chip products, extensive product line, as well as from local community team, strong technical support, is the main reason for their cooperation. And Plus CPU chip in the protection of information security, it also has applications simple, quick to market the final programme, which is ideal for ' score card ', micro payment types and data security are high requirements of the application. In addition, the cooperation projects carried out in the early and NXP rapid response capacity of the company is also impressed us. "NXP intelligent identification Division greater China market and Sales Director LU Ning said:" security, performance, security and ease of use is the NXP Plus CPU architecture core competitiveness. Plus DESFire EV1 CPU is, only for authentication, data integrity, confidentiality, classification provides powerful AES encryption of contactless smart card technology. We are very pleased to see the Plus X 4K CPU chip solution able to score in the ' bonus ' is applied in the system. As the series chip in the first case, we are convinced that this cooperation will greatly promote Plus CPU series products in Hong Kong and the promotion and application of the Asia-Pacific region. ”

As of now, the score card company has on the Hong Kong market release some tens of thousands of pieces of score card.

It is expected that by 2011 in March, the release will also gradually expand to Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Korea and other Asian countries and regions.

NXP Plus X CPU chip has the full realization of mass production, the main product features:

2k or 4k byte EEPROM unique serial number (4 or 7 bytes) multi-sector certification and block read and write high secure AES algorithm based on the application of the different security levels, the key can be stored as MIFARE Classic keys (per section 2x 48 bit) or AES key (per section 2 x 128 bits) privacy access conditions free definition writes: 20 million

Chinese video monitoring market simulation atrophy digital expansion

Chinese video surveillance market, rapid development, traditional analog monitor market gradually atrophy, and digital surveillance becomes increasingly mainstream.

Networked, personalized and intelligent will be China video monitoring market important trends.

In the "safe city" project, technical and cost improvements as well as the Olympic Games, World Expo, and so on, China's video surveillance market, rapid development, traditional analog monitor market gradually atrophy, and gradually become mainstream digital monitor, network monitor steady growth.

Networked, personalized and intelligent will be China video monitoring market important trends, video monitoring of the application will gradually become more extensive.

Video from the analog to digital transition

In 2007, China's video surveillance market overall market size reached 41 billion, an increase compared to 2006 24.2%.

Traditional analog surveillance market is shrinking rapidly, its share of the 2004 56.9 per cent to 19.7% in 2007; Digital monitoring into the mainstream of the video surveillance market, 2004 to 2007, digital monitoring in overall market share from 35.7% growth to 54.4%. You can see, the video surveillance market is the transition from analog to digital. Concern is that the network video surveillance market is steadily growing, proportion of 2004 7.4% growth in 2007 of 25.9%.

Chinese video monitoring market development of the main driving factors include "safe city" project, technical and cost improvements, as well as the promotion of the Olympic Games and the World Expo.

In 2004, the Ministry launched the "safe city" project, aimed at enhancing urban safety and security measures, including important is deploying video surveillance system. Video system deployment accounted for 28% of total investment, greatly promoted the development of the video surveillance market.

Network video monitoring and control of a broke through the analog and digital video surveillance, use a TCP/IP network that enables remote monitoring and low-cost expansion monitoring range, making video surveillance can infiltrate into many areas.

Olympic and World Expo on the video surveillance market also has a role in promoting. Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Shenyang, Qingdao and Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Xiamen and other cities in the Olympic venues and related building security monitoring systems have done a lot of work.

After the Olympic Games, the video surveillance market is missing an impetus to market demand growth will slow; in addition, network bandwidth restrictions will inhibit the development of network video monitoring.

Now family ADSL bandwidth only 1 trillion, this network video monitoring applications in the field of the family is a limit.

Industry chain usher opportunities

Video monitoring market developments in the industry chain enterprises to bring important development opportunities.

Video surveillance industry chain key players including chip vendors, device manufacturers, software vendors, systems integrators, telecom operators and end users. Video surveillance of chips used in mainly include the camera captures the image information and photoelectric conversion chips, image sensor, but also for Digital hard disk recorders, video servers, and network video camera for video compression. Video monitoring systems used equipment mainly have an analog video camera, Digital hard disk recorders, video server, network cameras, monitors, as well as head, cable, etc. Software include system software and video management software, etc. System integrators provide complete hardware and software video surveillance solution. Beginning in 2006, telecom operators have access to video surveillance areas, China Telecom and China Netcom launched the "global respectively eyes" and "kuanshijie" video surveillance operations, mainly for small and medium-sized customers.

Video monitoring market will give a major equipment manufacturer and chip manufacturers enormous market opportunities.

According to the forecast, 2012 In-Stat, Digital hard disk recorders of shipments will reach 650 million units, video server shipments will reach 850 million units, network camera shipments will reach 230 million units.

Video monitoring device on video processing chip requests mainly concentrated in compressed format, resolution, and ASIC (application specific integrated circuit)/DSP (digital signal processor).

At present it is mainstream MPEG-4 compression technology, and we consider H.264 is also a wide range of applications, more and more equipment manufacturers need to support H.264 MPEG-4/dual-mode devices. In the resolution, CIF (352 x 288) is the resolution of the mainstream, but as the storage technology, D1 (704 × 576) will become the preferred device manufacturers. Additionally, for video surveillance equipment, manufacturers are more inclined to use ASIC chip; for some high-end equipment, especially with automatic identification and analysis of intelligence monitoring equipment or combined with the intelligent control of devices, manufacturers are preferred to adopt the software programming DSP chip.

Networking, personal technology, intelligence is the trend

Networked, personalized and intelligent will be China video monitoring market important trends.

Network video surveillance has unique advantages. And analog and digital control technology, network video monitoring using a TCP/IP network, you can realize remote monitoring and control of low-cost expansion. Network video monitoring of these advantages make it significantly expands video monitoring scenario. Network video monitoring including analog video camera + network video server and network camera two solutions. At present the network server used for large-scale monitoring project.

The emergence of network video monitoring allows video surveillance began to road traffic, enterprise information, family, educational, medical, and other new applications.

The present situation, Government, financial and telecommunications is video monitoring major application areas, respectively the overall market size of 29.4% 20.2% and 14.7%. Due to the emergence of network video monitoring, in particular the emergence of the network cameras, video surveillance more rapidly becoming family and personal application.

In European and American markets, network camera has become a kind of consumer electronics products

Products purchased in the supermarket. In the domestic market, video surveillance at home (community and family) also in the field of application of rapid development, the market share reached 6.4% more than the application of enterprise information. In addition, the deployment of 3 g, mobile network bandwidth improvements for mobile operators to deliver mobile video monitoring business created conditions, this will be more personal video monitor business development.

Intelligent monitoring to automatically identify the monitoring object, changes in perceived object, an exception occurs when a control object can be achieved when automatic alarms and other functions.

From 2006, have some foreign video surveillance software and hardware manufacturers started to introduce some have intelligent monitoring capabilities, cost and technology limitations, intelligent monitoring has not been widely used. But we believe that intelligent monitoring with accurate, timely and resource-saving advantages, as the technology evolution, intelligent monitoring will be applied to more fields, not only in public safety and industrial safety, will be integrated into domestic intelligence.

Future network video monitoring mainstream trend: the transition to IPv6 in

Once the underlying network IPv6 transition is complete, network video monitoring equipment will transition to IPv6 technology.

IPv6: power monitor large networking

At present, with security technology, based on traditional analog CCTV video surveillance system has scenery is no longer, instead, is a highly efficient and flexible IP digital system.

Security industry application mainly in IPv6 IP network video monitoring system, based on the one hand, IPv6 application is hosted IP video streaming IP network support the IPv6 protocol, on the other hand network cameras, network video server, network modules required to support the IPv6 protocol stack.

IPv6 as a new network protocol for improving network address extensions, security, mobility and QOS and convection support has a clear advantage, we can see IPv6 applications on network video monitoring of the application and development will contribute to achieving the "monitoring large networking" effective solutions, application of IPv6 can effectively resolve the monitoring network consists of single node, expand the node to the multi-level, from local to Metro expansion of network problems, you can greatly reduce the system's deployment cycle, so that the video surveillance system with higher scalability, security, convenience and mobility.

Currently: advantages and disadvantages of coexistence

Relative to IPv4, IPv6 has some technical advantages.

First, the IPv6 IP address from the 32-bit to 128-bit, in order to be able to support larger address space that extends network routing and addressing capability solves the problem of IPv4 address depletion.

Second, it simplifies the message format, discard the IPv4 packet of redundant components, reduced the message processing and bandwidth cost, more efficient network forward.

Third, the IPv6 integration of IPSec, used for network authentication and encryption layer, providing end-to-end security.

Fourth, IPv6 multicast support and enhance the flow of support and QOS considerations, this allows multimedia applications on the network have a great opportunity for service quality control provides good network platform.

Fifth, MobileIPv6 enhances mobile terminals of mobile features, security features, routing properties, reducing network deployment complexity and investment that provides users with a permanent online services.

Existing security systems and in the final analysis is the combination of IPv6 network video surveillance system for terminal equipment and the combination of IPv6 network, you need to upgrade via Terminal devices support the IPv6 protocol stack.

At present in the security industry, network video monitoring equipment, including network cameras, network video server, and network video surveillance platform software product would be the first to implement IPv6 applications. IPv6 video monitoring technology will in such as traffic management, emergency and other large-scale network video monitoring of the application in the industry. For example, the Beijing Olympic Games, video surveillance in IPv6 support for the protection of the Olympic security plays a crucial role, is the security system and the combination of IPV6 is successful cases. Now fenghuo network companies as IPv6 actively advocate, has developed a technology based on IPv6 SmartEye6000-v6 video surveillance management platform and NV2000S series video front-end coding device.

IPv6 is an opportunity, security enterprise and how to effectively utilize the advantages of IPv6 to optimize the product, improve product functionality, rich product application is the key to seize this opportunity.

Application: network transition is critical

The current IPv6 in China Security's mass application time is not ripe, IP network also is mainly dominated by IPv4 to IPv6 transition, there is a certain distance to go, but network IPv6 is a general trend, the current mainstream network equipment providers already offer IPv6 solutions, while telecom operators have started to plan the deployment of IPv6 network.

Once the underlying network IPv6 transition is complete, network video monitoring equipment will transition to IPv6 technology.

Network video monitoring device from IPv4 to IPv6 transition are not technically difficult, major technology transition is the device's network module support for IPv4 protocol stack to IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack, and eventually transition to support IPv6 protocol stack, on the video encoding does not have a significant impact.

Overall, the emergence of IPv6 on network video monitoring of development is to promote the role of, essentially on the basis of a video stream of optimization, hosting environment will enable network video monitoring scenarios and applications of content-rich.

TFT-LCD driver IC test platform design and implementation

1 Introduction

In recent years, with mobile phones and MP4 video player, and other products, such as number of rapid growth, it is estimated that this year's mobile phone production would reach 10 million units, competition tends to be heated.

For screen display, consumers also put forward higher requirements. Display a large part depends on the driver's mass. Display driver IC has become a struggle for many manufacturers. Currently there are over 20 design company engaged in the small screen display driver IC design. In each of the IC production before after repeated debugging to ensure that the settings meet the design requirements, and achieve better display effect. Design of high speed, ease of debugging, and appearance of the test platform to facilitate debugging out better results and reduce debugging time, and can give customers a fresh feeling, to improve the competitiveness of the product. This paper is targeted at Focaltech-systems Corporation TFT_LCD driver IC design test platform FT1505. Use of C8051F130 is a new company by Cygnal launched the high-performance MCU with high speed, the pipeline structure 8051-compatible CIP-51 kernel, the most rapid up executed instruction 100 MIPS, comparison with 8051 series has increased by a lot of resources, in his chip integrates a single-chip data sampling or control systems almost all analog and digital peripherals, and other features. Comply with the requirements of the platform. In 2007 Shenzhen CHINA IC, illustrates this platform driven modules, attracted many customers and visitors of the eyeball, achieve very good results.

2 system hardware circuit design

System hardware circuit includes a variety of power supply/booster circuit, MCU, movie, FLASH, driver download, hi-speed USB peripheral circuit and at the interface between the circuit.

The entire system architecture in Figure 1.

(1) power/step-up circuits

Power circuit provided mainly by APW7080 APL1117 provide 5V and 3 .3V.

Boost circuit primarily by DS9197. Adjustable rheostat gives 1.5 ~ 4.5V voltage.

(2) MCU peripheral circuits and other parts of the interface circuit (Figure 2)

MCU P0 received FLASH 8-bit data bus, P1, P2, P3-FLASH, driver of the address bus.

P6 port pick up FLASH and driver control signal lines. Flash_nce flash_noe flash_nwe, respectively, is the Flash movie selected, write, and read control signal, high level valid. TFT_IM3 ~ TFT_IMO is driven IC choosing read data interface. When the selected 1100 is an 8-bit interface, selected when a 16-bit 1101 interface. TFT_ncs, TFT_RS, TFT_nwr, TFT_RD, TFT_nRST are driven IC chip selected, select the register, writing and reading and hardware reset control signal cable, control driver timing. MCU through TMS, TCK, TDI, TDO four pins and hi-speed USB port connected, you can download from the download pictures and other system data into Flash.

(3) FLASH driver IC peripheral circuits, and interface circuits (Figure 3, Figure 4)

Addr0 ~ Addr20 is pooled to display data, address bus, DATA0 ~ DATA7 is FLASH storage data of the address bus.

RS, CS, RD, WR, RST is timing control line, via software control to achieve from FLASH and remove the single-chip memory data, the data delivered to the IC, IC interface work properly.

3 system software design

(1) initialization and timing control

The hardware system power-on reset, the MCU through software based, Flash, driver IC and display properties to initialize.

Including the definition of each interface pin set, set the register values determine the driver's working conditions, work patterns, etc. The display of pictures and other data via high-speed USB download to on-chip RAM and outside the Flash movie. After that, according to the driver's timing to display module to display the data. Driver IC read/write control timing indicated by Figure 5. IC's timing control signals have RS, CS RD, WR, four. They are the registers enable signals, signals, writing tablets selected enable signal and read the signal. In addition to the line of control by RST hardware reset.

(2) write program

Including write MCU on-chip RAM and write outside the Flash movie.

Smaller amount of data can be directly written to the on-chip RAM, the advantages of chip RAM is the data transfer speed, online debugging, the disadvantage is that saving smaller capacity. C8051F130 chip RAM 128 kBytes. Storing large volumes of images is required outside the Flash movie. Piece of Flash transmission is slow, savings capacity is large, use AM29LV160 memory size is 2 Mbytes. Its storage space distribution in table 1. Take a picture of 320 * 240, bmp format files into a 16-bit true color in HEX file size is 150 kBytes. A Flash in the can accommodate 10 picture of the amount of data. C8051F130 each can handle 64 Kbytes of data. To facilitate the calculation of addresses, each picture is divided into 5 sections, the first 4 segment size is 32Kbytes, last segment size is 22Kbytes. Download a FlashAll data points in 10 * 5 times in the download.

From the table and see SA0 ~ SA3 size and SA4 ~ SA34, write data to pay particular attention to the address allocation.

(3) reading program

From external FLASH RAM or tablets.

The driver IC and FLASH are direct read mode, the data in a FLASH by sequential control directly through Addr0 ~ Addr17 sent to the IC.

4 closing

This article on LCD design a debugging environment based on the test platform of TFT_LCD C8051F130, Panorama map shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, FLASH on the back of the PCB.

Through several tests and trial, proved to be a high speed, stability, ease of debugging platform. On similar COG debugging and testing system.

Mobile video surveillance function and range of application

Network video monitoring breakthrough geographic restrictions, remote monitoring, but with "AnyTime, AnyWhere, AnyDevice" (any time, anywhere, any device), etc., the ordinary concept of network video surveillance has been unable to meet the growing diversity of user requirements.

New solution – "mobile monitoring" and "Mobile Security (hereinafter referred to as mobile security)" so that this problem has been answered, the application will be in the security industry to promote and spread rapidly. At the same time, mobile security will gradually go into people's family life.

Mobile security is a mobile messaging software and traditional security industry with professional-level monitoring products, mobile communications, security and Internet integration, systems integration and technology translates into potential product application.

Via cell phone or computer can view the remote real-time dynamic display capabilities for the enterprise and the family provides a simpler, more convenient, more timely monitoring solution. Mobile security is on the user property and personal security of smart guard, recognition and informed.

Home Edition mobile video surveillance features:

By phone, at any time to let family members accompanying or so.

Travel in, no matter how tired busy work, love and children will always be your most greater care, "Joy's vision" help you anywhere open mobile phone/computer at home, let your family live in your eyes, always passing kinship care, journey dispelled!

Enterprise Edition mobile video surveillance features:

Enterprise, factory, wholesale Department, commercial outlets, repair shop, welding Department, food and beverage establishments, garage, warehouse where night mostly shutter or general anti-theft lock anti-theft.

Owners slept at home, but in a outlet. Now with our product, the owner can sit back and relax! even if retail is burgled, owners can immediately receive the system automatically call alarm call notification owner! what's more, our system is very advanced, as long as minor to pry open book, a thin gap gate system immediately to the police. Just imagine: in the silence of the night, the warning sound continuously, the thief might as well get away? if the bow is a bold, video monitoring, system more let him invisible to Dun, nowhere!

In-car version of the video surveillance features:

Traffic monitoring for image capture and video recording and video playback, alarm and alarm linkage function, head of control, camera zoom, presets and cruise, and other functions, the exercise of monitoring can be achieved overload monitoring, intrusion monitoring, suitcase diversely monitoring.

The system can set vehicle range alarm, speed alarm, image status warning alarm function.

Vehicle wirelessly upload image information available through the video and stored in the control center management platform storage servers, providing program video, loop recording, alarm recording, storage, monitoring terminal may at any time by monitoring center server for video search and playback, and supports the time, place, event, and so on many kinds of retrieval methods, relevant information to form a log.

Terminal locally stored video means monitoring terminal (control centres, police stations and bus transport enterprises) in the course of browsing the images, the transmission of image information and local videos.

Car terminal in the implementation of audio and video monitoring, recording, can also provide value-added services — in-car entertainment, receiving audio and video signals, can also be stored such as DVD, VCD, arbitrary arrangement of entertainment playback order, real-time auto play and manual play and other functions, also provide scheduled ad insertion, to meet the needs of the passenger entertainment, and new opportunities.

In addition, install GPS module enables satellite positioning and navigation features of speech since.

Mobile video monitoring system has a broader scope of application:

Houses, villas, companies, shopping centres, supermarkets, drug stores, retailers, automobile 4S shop, store, warehouse, focusing on fire-fighting units, kindergartens, hospitals, nursing homes, the public security system ... ...

Super penetrating night vision camera to create video surveillance telescope

In recent years, the use of video surveillance equipment to defend the security has become a necessary tool for all industries.

But traditional video surveillance equipment without exception has a shortcoming is at night and in fog monitoring results are not satisfactory, and the night and in fog and a case of multiple times. Additionally, for distance distant monitoring, almost more as a blank.

Although in recent years light night vision technology has also made considerable progress, but the costs and the balance is always difficult to apply.

In order to improve the monitoring results, and reduce costs, Beijing Zhong Sheng Tai technology co., Ltd. is the first company to launch a price through the fog, the distance of the integrated camera, and can be customized from 1 km to 3 km, distance from the monitor.

This Super penetrating night vision camera's core is the integration of multichannel video cameras and high-sensitivity CCD 600 glimmer.

The CCD may act according to the environment automatically in dim light and near-infrared switch between two modes. CCD's near-infrared band through the fog characteristics also incorporates a unique time domain and space domains image processing technology, when used in the fog, can have 3 times the visibility through the fog to fundamentally improve the past poor in fog monitoring results, makes fog monitoring can be as fine as clearly visible. In sunny night test results show, the Super penetrating night vision camera can complete the integration of airliner 300 km ºnew detection test.

This combined with 600 line-level CCD, zhongsheng Aetna also has developed a real-time targeting through the fog of image processing software, and DSP (digital signal processing) Board.

This software handles of the image, in remote, through the fog, night vision, and so has further improved. Currently, zhongsheng Aetna in the live image enhancement technology, and also to help those at the leading position.

CCD camera mode can switch automatically, and real-time image processing software and other technology, further simplifies the Super penetrating night vision camera application integration, and a significant reduction in costs, the original is mainly used in the military field and product technology into more industries.

Super penetrating night vision integration camera can be widely used in defense, defense, border security, large-scale facilities, oil field, highway, marine aquaculture base, sea important facilities of video surveillance.

It is foreseeable that the Super-through the fog at night vision camera integration addresses the night and in fog video surveillance challenges at the same time, significantly reducing the cost and complexity, the application will open up a video monitoring application of the new era.

Smart Home easy to create intelligent Green Residential (1)

In recent years the country has always attached great importance to the building of energy-saving and environmental protection issues, with more and more intelligent, green building, energy efficient building construction, we learn through modification of building some, joining the smart control, not only can we get more easily and comfortable living environment, and more on the building itself and society play a section of the energy, environmental protection role.

And for our families, appropriate and reasonable use of intelligent home control, or you can take to improve the quality of life, energy saving and environmental protection. Smart House – improving the quality of life

Most of today's smart home classic non-world's richest man Bill Gates Mansion House of the "future".

It is said that the luxury total spend about 1 billion, up to the current most advanced intelligent home control products, the most representative of the following major areas:

Luxury door equipped with Ø meteorological sensor computer according to the meteorological indicators, control the indoor temperature and ventilation.

Ø the visitor through the entrances, their personal information, including fingerprints, etc, as a visiting information storage to the computer.

Ø by security guards, to the visitor a coin size of things, wear it, visitors to the gates family's whereabouts on a glance.

Ø rooms most intelligent, Gates here ready to hold video conference.

Ø indoor all lighting, temperature and humidity, audio, security, and other systems can be adjusted by computer.

Ø floor sensors can be tracked at 15 cm to the human footprint, in the sense that people come to automatically turn lighting system that automatically shut down at left.

Ø kitchen has automatic cooking equipment.

Ø latrines installed a checkup of computer systems, such as unusual, the computer will alert you immediately.

Ø only with traditional characteristics is a century-old trees, advanced sensor according to the old tree water requirements, achieve timely, Automatic watering.

President Hu Jintao had Bill Gates was invited to the House of the "future visits"

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Japan pushing mobile monitoring systems: you can monitor employees ' behaviour

Japan cell phone giant KDDI Corporation has recently launched a new mobile phone monitor system, you can use the system owner to monitor staff's every move, simply read employee cell phone equipped with the data in the accelerator, you can get to the employee's whereabouts.

Japan cell phone giant KDDI Corporation has recently launched a new mobile phone monitor system, you can use the system owner to monitor staff's every move, simply read employee cell phone equipped with the data in the accelerator, you can get to the employee's whereabouts.

Developers believe that the mobile surveillance systems in telemedicine will have their abilities, but others question its grave violations of personal privacy.

Developers said, walking, climbing stairs or even cleaning, and other activities can be monitored.

For example, KDDI mobile tied in a cleansing of the wrist, the mobile phone to be able to distinguish between hard scrubbing, gently clean, walk and garbage, and other actions. Therefore, when an employee is not in sight, this new system allows employers to better evaluate the productivity of employees. The company plans to managers, foremen and recruitment companies sold the system.

Japan International University and Director of the mobile consumer lab Philips · Su-cover is of the view that this is a very important innovation in the field of telemedicine, can learn through this technology, but the movements of patients used incorrectly or may be violating privacy.

KDDI Corporation network data on departments of Hengshan margin line said: "this technology will allow company managers to centrally monitor located in different areas of activity of employees and companies are on the way to improve employee productivity in favor of technology.

We are also researching various enables managers through this platform more precise distinction between the various actors of the technical staff. "He also said, of course, when using this system, the employer must obtain the consent of the employee.

But critics believe that this kind of system to control excessive, "big brother"-style management, and open to abuse.

Wireless broadband communications technologies help underground mine safety

Mining is a high-risk sector, China is currently producing coal million tons of mortality rate significantly higher than the international average.

In recent years the mining enterprises frequent serious production safety incidents, to the countries and peoples by the enormous loss of life and property. As the State and Government on the mining industry's growing production safety, enterprise security and reliable communication system has also been listed as all the work. The present underground mine communication system using a fiber optic cable of programmes, PHS (PHS) and CDMA, etc, but has its own disadvantages: cable programme track laying expensive, long construction period, sometimes because the River mountain range wait disorder is difficult to set up cables, and susceptible to damage, and does not support mobile communication. PHS (PHS), CDMA, and other wireless systems equipment is expensive, and bandwidth is relatively low, the actual data upload speed in 60kbps ~ 150kbps. In this way bandwidth for video streaming, etc. larger amount of data transferred Basic is not possible, the system must be designed for video encoding and the network flow control parts special optimization. In addition, the layout of the base station also need a wired network support, part of the wired network weaknesses still exist. Recently, Shanghai, a wireless broadband product manufacturers — create communications Atlas, based on wireless MESH router for mining industry developed a superior, reliable quality, comprehensive mine wireless broadband communication systems programme, meet a mining unit of safe production monitoring, mobile voice communications, personnel, equipment location, high-speed data transmission, Office Automation, and other business information communication needs. Programmes are summarized as follows: as shown in the figure a, contains six mining scenario, integrated video monitoring, voice communications, personnel and equipment positioning and many other applications. More wireless MESH router wireless transmission backbone network, replaced the traditional wired network. Vehicle configuration camera and on-board wireless terminals, video information and location information through real-time vehicle-mounted wireless terminal return to the monitoring center, monitoring center based on the feedback of information to dispatch vehicles. Mine's staff can be equipped with handheld terminals, you can implement voice communication and location capabilities. In the event of an accident, the system can quickly navigate to the location of the personnel. Figure 1 a scene to hang fixed wireless monitoring and control, use the wireless MESH router back to video information and methane, carbon monoxide, temperature sensor information, in monitoring centre can immediately get the hang of things, when an exception occurs, and respond in a timely warning. Scene 2 to transporting slag car wireless surveillance, using wireless vehicle terminal back to video and location information, in monitoring centre can immediately see the migration and residue car operation, gets the current position to facilitate the scheduling of vehicles. Scene 3 to transport vehicle wireless surveillance, using wireless vehicle terminal back to video information, position information and voice, in the monitoring center you can get a real-time vehicle operation and location information, you can speak with the driver in real time. Scene 4 to trenches safety production supervision, the staff in the trenches by handheld terminal with other people or command center, and other communications. Command center real-time understanding of the work site, ensure production safety. And you can navigate to the staff. Scene 5 to command center through video and voice to monitoring and scheduling production jobs. Scene 6 to emergency site, you can return by on-board equipment for video and voice command center to understand the situation, and on-scene command and scheduling. The wireless communication system, based on wireless broadband transmission patent technology, with high bandwidth and support for multiple services, point to multipoint communication, engineering installation convenient, can be perfectly applied to the mining industry's safety requirements.

Coal mine modernization monitoring technology and applications (1)

Since 2000, with the nation's coal mine safety in production requirements and continuous improvement and development of the enterprise itself, the country's large, medium and small mines were equipped with mine monitoring systems.

These systems equipment greatly improving mine safety level of production and production safety management efficiency, but also on the correct choice of the technology, the use, maintenance, and safety production information management put forward higher requirements. Currently, coal mine safety monitoring system with analog, switch data, cumulative volume collection, transmission, storage, processing, display, print, sound and light alarm, control and many other functions used to monitor underground methane concentration, the concentration of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide concentration, oxygen concentration, wind speed, pressure, temperature, smoke, feed State, air door status, the wind window state, hairdryers, State, and local fan start stop, main fans start stop, voltage, current, and realized the methane concentration sound and light alarm, power off and methane locking control, etc. In recent years, Yanzhou mining (Group) co., Ltd. and its subordinates all previous to mine coal mine for monitoring and control of a number of issues have been carefully analyzed and summarized, and joint activities with the relevant units in the scientific and technological research and achieved a number of outstanding research results, at the same time they also actively apply current existing mine monitoring and apply new technologies, solutions and in mine, was implemented to effectively guarantee the safety of the mine, and achieved good results.

1 large equipment for centralized monitoring system in the coal mine

Yanzhou mining (Group) company Dongfeng xinglongzhuang coal mine well realized large-scale equipment for centralized monitoring, equipment acquisition parameters of foot, user programs designed to expand for future room unattended created a valuable experience.

The mine's large equipment airshaft centralized monitoring with main monitoring system, 6kV-level transformation-based protection system and industrial TV video system.

The main monitoring system-fan monitoring subsystem, pump monitoring subsystem and air compressor monitoring subsystem. The monitoring PC with Advantech IPC IPC610 series, rely on communication with the individual subsystems, centralized monitoring all devices running, monitoring air compressor subsystem, fan subsystem and pump subsystem operation parameters, work status and failure alarm information, etc., can real-time visual simulation shows the air compressor, pump and fan and other large equipment system simulation.

The control system of the obvious features are the individual subsystems are able to maintain control of the opposite and independent, you can set the remote control and networking can run independent of local control, each subsystem does not interfere with each other.

Use the industry to do the "high level IPC monitoring", and with high quality PLC Siemens S7 series "physical level" sampling and control, both control and data processing with the use of complementary advantages, can be used to perform large-scale equipment monitoring can be said to be the true worth and complement each other. Background of industrial control computer, the predecessor of PLC controller and fan data acquisition card, its CPU watchdog timer function, you can implement the host because the software failure and panic the system in the intervention of automatic reset.

Master control system for operating system software for Windows2000NT systems, industrial control software is the most widely used version of "the King", and in particular facilitate 6.02 software development.

Video system for digital video portion of a unique modular design, the use of advanced multimedia software and hardware technology, solves monitoring system because of repeated use of videos which are easy to produce picture is not clear, managing complex and expensive, and so on, you can implement manual video, scheduled recording, video, mobile video, and deploying alarm linkage video, has registered a full automatic deletion feature, camera and PTZ control functions, software, anti panic and powerdown after auto recovery boot functionality. Its advanced network performance, can data dedicated line, telephone lines and broadband Internet transmission of images.

2 KJ56-mine monitoring systems

In order to meet the needs of small and medium-sized coal mine site, Shandong University of science and Yanzhou mining (Group) company Tang village mine has developed a set of low-cost, high reliability, simple structure, easy to maintain by KJ56-mine monitoring systems, have better prospects of promotion.

The entire system is made up of seven sub-station and 40 sensor, measuring parameters including wind, gas, current and voltage, device start stop, door opening and closing, vapour pressure, air pressure, winch start stop as well as their operation, and so on.

The system's Control Center computer for ground, namely the system host via communication interface and various substation for data communication. Sub-station are 2 core communication cord hook together, do not touch each other. System of the host first according to the substation and sensor connection ports on sub-station of defined measuring points, defining content including points, Ko measure measurement point of Terminal number, order number, analog or switch quantity, etc. Define complete after select "initialize" menu on each substation then initialized. Initialization is successful, the branch will give host to define parameters into to keeping without loss of data storage. When power sub-station because failure to transmission, the SCM can automatically remove the old system-defined parameters for loop monitoring without system host then initialized.

KJJ12-communication interface is connected by a host of a communication signal converter, and a host of communication using ordinary RS232 standard interfaces, and communication with intrinsically safe Act, two-wire baseband signal; the optocoupler circuits, with the master, slave machine automatic switching functionality and communication indicates, communication error rate is relatively low.

In the monitoring and control system, SCM is within the Act does not allow the panic fault, they design a reliable microprocessor automatically reset circuit. Among them, the oscillator will normally work intervals (can be adjusted) output a positive impulse to the reset circuit, MCU reset. Single-chip on the working time is continuously output a zero pulse to the oscillator, oscillator outputAll are low level, only in single-chip panic when the oscillator is able to work properly.

3 pumps of the application of the automatic monitoring system

In the underground of the pump room, pump motor needs according to the water level changes frequently starts, the steps more cumbersome, environmental conditions, temperature, noise is relatively high, staff easy fatigue, especially in case of floods left unattended pumping station is also very dangerous.

Yanzhou mining (Group) company Jining III coal mine of pump Automation control system reduces the burden on workers, unattended, for all ore networking monitoring and digital development laid the Foundation, in a real application also has a broad prospects.

The entire system consists of data collection and monitoring, site monitoring and control, remote monitoring and command, etc., with automatic and in-place two operation modes.

By industrial computer under the water level to automatically restart, stop the pump and automatic pump rotation work, make reasonable dispatch. The system has an overload and undervoltage, overtemperature protection such as leakage and, when the above conditions or motor failure when the ability to automatically stop the pump running, at the same time start the alternate pump. Scene control center will be collected data and scheduling policy to floor command center, and can be synchronized displays the health of the pump. The system keeps the device in the original manual control mode, so that if necessary you can manually control the realization of the normal operation of the pump. System software and the client software interface all Chinese visual interface, users can clear the Chinese function displays full monitoring operations.

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CAs: new passive since respiratory direct methanol fuel cell invention successfully

A pure methanol feed mode passive since respiratory direct methanol fuel cell, recently the Changchun Institute of applied chemistry, successful invention.

The battery includes pure methanol storage chamber, methanol buffer and battery unit of work. In a pure methanol storage chamber and methanol permeability membrane between the buffer to control the delivery of methanol, pure methanol feed to meet long-term methanol fuel cell.

The battery can successful realization of pure methanol feed, can greatly improve fuel cell work time, providing higher energy density.

By controlling the film area to control the speed of delivery, methanol can be added in the different current battery work consumption volume of methanol, not peristaltic pump needs plus and methanol sensor to control the fuel supplement. Buffer in methanol, methyl alcohol fuel to steam or liquid form to adsorption on the surface, because of its relatively small volume, battery can quickly put towards more than one direction, while the traditional passive fuel cells as the inlet and outlet are located on the fuel Chamber, the battery can only be placed in one direction, otherwise will result in leakage of liquid fuel directly.

New design of battery and traditional battery discharge capacity (100mA)

The battery Assembly simple, reliable performance, greatly increases the battery's working time, has a certain value.

The invention of the battery and the traditional passive battery in the same condition of discharge capacity (100mA), the present invention battery operating time approx. 45 hours to far exceeds traditional passive battery discharge time approx. 7 hours. In the same cell size and operating conditions, the present invention battery can provide longer working hours, higher energy density.

Ireland wishes to make use of security cameras for fall of meteorites

Ireland's security camera (securitycamera) perhaps scientists find 5 night descends to Earth of meteorites.

It is reported that many parts of the 5 day everyone in the United Kingdom daylight saving time 12: 30 pm saw the bright meteors, some people in many bonnigal, some people are in Cork, and the two local 187 miles apart.

Ireland Astronomical Society President David · Moore said he believes the big Fireball is a piece of space rock, it crashed somewhere in Ireland.

So he asked residents to report to the Astronomical Society of Ireland 5 day and night to see this strange phenomena, and they captured this shooting star video sent to the Council. He told United Kingdom broadcasters said: "we are convinced that it was a space rock, this shooting star may have formed a meteorite. We are called on people to send us the related reports, we hope to be on the basis of this information for the determination of its falling trajectory, calculate it fall where in Ireland. ”

Most of the Meteor's volume ratio of sand, flying into the Earth's atmosphere by the fastest available 100000 miles per hour, and then immediately vaporization, form the light, become beautiful Meteor.

If the volume ratio of the full moon of the fireball, it falls to the Earth, there may be some that haven't been burning up the rock, finally fell to the Earth, this is the meteorite. These celestial bodies are believed to have Apple so big, it looks like a piece of molten rock.

In the last century in Ireland only found two star, a dual card in 1999, Lou County over another in the sky from Northern Ireland in 1969.

So far I haven't received the Meteor event photos, but security camera may offer some clues.

Moore said: "the car park or outdoor installation of security cameras, perhaps the chance to photograph the Meteor falls to Earth in the process.

So if someone got this video or photos, we very much want to see. We believe that this star is from Western to central regions of Ireland, this means that Ireland's everyone could see it. We have received reports from Cork's witness, the witness reports from multiple bonnigal. ”

Military experts say Russian bombing alert global terrorist attacks in transition (1)

29 March, Russia Moscow subway explosions occurred, riot police after the explosion of the subway exit patrol

2010 has just the past three months, almost daily hot constantly.

When people are addicted to the financial crisis, psychologically, all kinds of weather disasters, geological hazards has quietly come. People are struggling to cope with, utterly exhausted and had to turn manufacturing of explosions in Moscow subway terrorist, multi-pronged they may just be the next attacks targeted at your side, the terrorist attacks of the alarm sounds in the world again.

Perspective 1: terrorist attack in transition

Moscow time on 29 March and 7 a.m., docked at the Moscow Lubyanka Metro station of the train in a car explosion.

After less than one hour, the same Metro line culture Park station or an explosion. On the day of the Russian security services said, "manufacturing Moscow subway explosions in two female suicide attackers and the North Caucasus." The Russian Government to 30 March to Moscow of mourning. Chechen anti-Government armed March 31 in Internet publishing news, claims that "on 29 March took place in Moscow subway bombing of two responsible". Chechnya's terrorist Umarov also threatened in video: "the explosive action will continue in the territory of Russia, the war will come to you, let you experience the war in life. ”

This is not only threatening, it can be said is a manifesto of terrorist attacks, a new round of attacks may be quickly spread throughout the territory of Russia.

By explosions in Russia subway, global terrorist attacks in the transition.

First of all be playing politics.

Terrorist attacks rise through social conflicts, as a result during attack social instability. Since last year Russia affected by financial crisis, prices, public dissatisfaction with rendering. Coupled with the Russia-Georgia war, Western and await the reprisal against Russia. Chechen rebel groups use this period of international climate, domestic social environment to make a big fuss about manufacturing serial terrorist attacks, in order to achieve the purpose of disrupting the social order, which is no longer like Chechnya war, terrorist with pure vengeance and terrorist attacks. It is precisely this explosion in Russia more than a dozen cities appears anti-Putin small demonstrations occurred, the Chechen rebel groups are using this excellent opportunity to create social chaos, shaken jemeppe regime.

Followed by training in the military.

Terrorists long preparation, suicide bombers are well-trained, close to the paramilitary forces. In Russian, those engaged in terrorist activities of a woman known as "black widow". The "black widow" is generally in the Chechen war dead relatives, in order to revenge they become terrorist tools. They not only professionally trained, also experienced a religious ceremony, once elected, no retreat. The "black widow" combat levels high, they can easily through Moscow security checks, quiet fire bomb, is no longer the Bolshoi hostage incident look toned appearance. In a series of attacks, "black widow" action practice using very fine details, is perfect. Description of the Chechen rebel groups attack on Moscow ready for a long-term, advance walkthrough is very mature.

Third, the selected target.

The target of terrorist acts, and more specifically, the target location and more carefully selected. To expand the impact of terrorist attacks target countries of the edge necessary from the regions to the core area of expansion. Moscow has become the preferred target of terrorist attacks and permanent goal is the world's only major terrorist attacks, repeated by the famous big cities. Chechen terrorists that approach will play an exemplary role, warning capitals will become the preferred destination for terrorist attacks and permanent target.

Similarly, the attacks on places with exemplary, Metro and Metro station will be the most likely suffered from attacks of core objectives.

From the perspective of the history of the terrorist attacks, combined with the London subway attack, Tokyo subway gas attack, it is clear that features, Metro and dense, internationalization features prominent, large explosive lethal attacks extremely difficult evacuation after population, reach range, media effects, go easy, than hijacking SBG.

Pivot two: anti-terrorism operations also in transition

After sweeping the Moscow explosions, the entire country in the sad and emotional.

But it is not too sad loss of sanity, rescue operations, respond quickly and effectively. Russian President Medvedev said, "will not allow militants in Russia sowing fear." Prime Minister Vladimir Putin also on terrorists evolve and relentless, "even if they are hidden to the toilet spot you want to put them into the toilet." Russia strongly sector to investigate the bombings, but also quickly took a series of emergency security measures. The Russian Government is also seeking and OECD, United States on strengthening counter-terrorism cooperation, establish a counter-terrorism cooperation mechanisms. From here you can see, the global terrorist attacks or in transition, to truly become a comprehensive emergency project.

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A complete set of the RFID system working principle and structure

A complete set of the RFID system, is a reader (Reader) and the electronic label (TAG) that is called a transponder (Transponder) and application software system consists of three parts, its working principle is a specific frequency Reader emits radio frequency energy to Transponder for internal actuation Transponder circuit will be sent out of the data, in order to receive Reader will interpret the data, given to the application accordingly.

RFID card readers and electronic communication between the label and the energy inductive way generally can be divided into, inductive coupling (InductiveCoupling) and backscatter coupling (BackscatterCoupling) two, most low-frequency RFID in general the first type, and a high-frequency most of the second kind of way.

Reader according to the use of structures and technologies can be read or read/write device, is the RFID system information control and processing centres.

Readers typically consists of coupling module, transceiver modules, control module and interface modules. Readers and portable between generally use half-duplex communication for the exchange of information, while the reader through the coupling to passive transponders provide energy and time series. In practice, you can further through Ethernet or WLAN, and other identifying information for objects of the collection, processing and remote transmission and other management functions. Transponder is RFID system information carriers, the transponder is mostly original by coupling (microstrip antenna coil, etc) and micro-chips on passive unit.

Transponder typically contain:

A. antenna: used to receive the signal sent from the reader, and the requested data back to the reader.

B.AC/DC circuit: the card reader sent over radio frequency signals converted to DC power supply, and the large capacitance stored energy, then by the regulator to provide stable power supply.

C. demodulation circuit: removal of the carrier to remove the genuine modulated signal.

D. logic control circuit: decoding the sent from the reader signals, and in accordance with the requirements of the echo data to the reader.

E. memory: for system operation and identification of the location of the data stored.

F. modulation circuit: logic control circuit is sent out after the data has been loaded into the modulation circuit giving readers an antenna.

Readers often contains:

A. antenna: to send a wireless signal to the Tag and the Tag response back data receive back.

B. system frequency generator: generate system operating frequency.

C. phase lock loop (PLL) who: produce RF carrier signal required

D. modulation circuit: the Tag you want to load into the carrier of the signal and sent to the RF Circuit.

E. microprocessor: generate Tag you want to send a signal to the modulator circuit, while decoding Tag echo signal and data back to the application, if the encrypted system also needed to do the encryption and decryption operations.

F. storage: storage, user programs and data

G. demodulation circuit: demodulation tag sent over the weak signal, then gave a microprocessor handles.

H. peripheral interface: used to and your computer is online

Application software systems typically include:

A. hardware drivers: connectivity, display and processing the card reader.

B. control applications: controlling the operation of the card reader/writer, receiving card data to the return path and corresponding processing, such as opening, closing, dispatch, record ...

And so on.

C. database: store all data related to the Tag, for the use control program.

Next-generation video surveillance system storage solutions (1)

Video surveillance in China

Monitoring technology from the 1980s into the country, along with the security requirements of a sharp increase has been developing rapidly, from a technical point of view, has undergone a number of different stages of development.

As computer technology development and popularization of the Internet, at present, the video surveillance has been developed to monitor the network multimedia system.

Next-generation video surveillance management system and the previous generation of video surveillance system is the fundamental difference is that it is no longer limited to simply complete on video signal processing, transmission and control, its core is based on the IP network of multimedia information (video/audio/data) provides an integrated, comprehensive management control platform.

Network multimedia monitoring system Web-based to digital video compression, transmission, storage and play as the core, smart and practical features of image analysis and alarm systems, access control system into a platform on the video surveillance industry of a technical revolution, swift has been the security industry and user attention. Network monitoring and management systems, multimedia can be widely used multimedia video dispatching, network video monitoring and meeting, multi-media webcast, online teaching, and telemedicine.

Network multimedia monitoring system monitoring and management by a network of multimedia platforms and front-end information acquisition devices, whose core is the network monitoring and management of multimedia platforms.

Network monitoring and management of multimedia platforms set computer network, telecommunications, video, streaming media, and automation technology, is video, audio, data and graphic integration solutions, and network video surveillance, video conferencing, video, broadcast, and other functions that have the super large-scale networking capability is built on top of LAN/Internet networks, support for multiple transports of integrated multimedia business management platform, its application is far beyond the control of the content covered by itself.

Network multimedia video server (NetworkMediaVideoSever, NMVS) is responsible for the front end of the video processing part, it also has a network video server network transport functions and DVR storage capabilities (VideoSever + DVR), NMVS is a video, audio, data compression, storage and processing of special computer equipment, video surveillance, Internet, IP video conferencing, video live broadcasting and VOD, and so has a wide range of applications.

NMVS uses the most advanced MPEG-4 or H.264 compression format such as, in line with specifications for video data compression, in order to meet the requirements of the storage and transport.

Video system characteristics of storage requirements

Video surveillance on the storage requirements are the following characteristics:

1. storage capacity demand elasticity is relatively large, storing more with the picture quality, screen sizes increase, the increase of video line will be multiplied by the increase in capacity requirements.

2. performance requirements for storage is not high, but need to be able to meet the long continuous data read/write, data flow is large but the number of access requests.

3. the data is saved and the cycle time is short, the General monitoring site data saved some time (e.g. 1-month) can be deleted later.

For video surveillance programmes choose suitable storage device, first to estimate storage requirements.

So now the mainstream of the compression method to calculate as follows:

MPEG4 compression method: 200MB/hour/road;

H.264 compression method: 150MB/hour/road

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Saipulasi Unveils machine vision, high-end security and traffic monitoring application of image sensor

Saipulasi Semiconductor Corporation recently announced the launch of 230 megapixels VITA2000 and 530 VITA500 two megapixel image sensor, as the popular extension of VITA series products.

These two new is machine vision, high end security, two-dimensional bar code and intelligent transportation applications the ideal choice.

A new sensor with a range of sophisticated features, including line-and triggered a global shutter (global shutter) mode as well as traditional line exposure mode, VITA2000 fastest up to 92 frames per second (FPS), but you can achieve 75FPS VITA5000 with 10-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC), can have a parallel or serial 620Mbps output capability.

They also have a programmable registers to control different operational modes that are available through a standard SPI interface.

VITA2000 provides two standard format output: security market common HD (1920 x 1080) format; as well as machine vision market in 4: 3 (1600 x 1200) format.

The sensor array with standard 2/3 "optical diameter, as well as parallel LVDS channels.

VITA5000 have standard 1-inch optical-aperture with monochrome or color digital output.

Line-global shutter can read for exposure, thereby reducing the target motion blur caused by graphics. This sensor also can work in line with its relevant exposure mode, double sampling (CDS) is a feature that reduces noise and increase the dynamic range. It has eight parallel LVDS channels. For more information please visit the following Web site: www.cypress.com/go/imagesensors/vita.

The new sensor development 130 megapixel VITA1300 and 250 pixel VITA25K series product line.

Saipulasi will be held on November 9, held in Stuttgart in Germany 2010Vision exhibition (booth # 6C23) demonstrate its complete, industry-leading custom and standard CMOS image sensor solutions. Interested parties can send mail to vision2010@cypress.com to arrange onsite interviews.

New flagship by TowerJazz manufacturing, using its advanced 0.18 micron CMOS image sensor (CIS) technology, with excellent performance and low power consumption.

Currently saipulasi all image sensors are manufactured by TowerJazz.

Saipulasi image sensors Division General Manager Georges Hiltrop said: "our excellent quality, performance and availability has won the field of industrial image sensor.

We are very pleased and exit new products to enhance our product line, and we serve the market expanded to high-end security and other applications. ”

TowerJazz of CIS Marketing Director Jonathan Gendler said: "new VITA2000 and VITA5000 shows our latest image sensor technology, our technology and equipment to guarantee the product has a very low dark current, low noise and wide dynamic range, which can meet saipulasi imaging products for the end user's requirements.

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Availability and photos

These devices have to supply sample, it is expected that the first half of 2011 for mass production.

Both image sensors photos available from the following Web site: www.cypress.com/go/pr/vitaphotos

Saipulasi image sensor

For consumer-level saipulasi, industrial and specialty applications with standard and custom CMOS image sensor.

Consumer-level applications including rapid growth oriented tell machine vision, motion detection, medical imaging, intelligent transportation systems, security and barcode application solution. Saipulasi custom CMOS image sensor with super high pixel counts, large imaging area, high frame rate, large dynamic range and high sensitivity, etc.

CMOS image sensors are fully demonstrated saipulasi superior technology and market capacity, expanding its existing numerous market areas, time series, saipulasi USB solution, you can configure the microcontroller and storage.

Breakthrough wireless bandwidth bottleneck 3G leading home video surveillance

Although the full realization of digital home requires a long process, but security alarm, video monitoring technology will be among the first in digital home.

At present, domestic surveillance market is still in its infancy, but 3 g high bandwidth will open up a new era of home video surveillance, and the birth of a huge market opportunities.

With the release of the 3 g licenses, telecom operators to enter the entire business operations.

3G video monitor business is treated as a high-end and differentiated 3 g multimedia service representative, you can take advantage of high bandwidth wireless access, support in arbitrary places to upload images and accept remote image, application scope includes the emergency command, bus monitoring, home monitoring, public multimedia services, etc.

Breakthrough wireless bandwidth bottleneck 3G leading home video surveillance

Launch of 3 g, overcome 2G era wireless transmission bandwidth low and high flow data business cost big ones, can provide a high-speed, high-quality broadband network services, data display, 3 g wireless broadband speed has reached 3.1Mb/seconds.

It is true that the arrival of 3 g will break through video monitoring wireless bandwidth bottlenecks, high-bandwidth 2MHz for wireless video surveillance to provide stronger support.

At the same time, the 3 g launch will bring security to the cable from the PC to cell phone surveillance wireless video surveillance, remote video monitoring mobile phones will become the mainstream of network video monitoring. Wireless video surveillance will be 3 g business of "killer" application.

For example, in region China Taiwan, mobile operator has launched a 3 g mobile networks based on wireless video monitoring business that allows 3 g mobile phone to monitor the family situation.

At the same time, 3G family terminal (front-end monitoring equipment) have professional wireless remote monitoring capability, when a burglar intrusion, accidental fire or gas leak, etc, it will send alarm information is sent to the host cell phone, so that the master was informed in a timely manner and make processing. 3G family terminal can also be based on the directive film under your home live video screen, the accompanied to the host cell phone for later forensic, high-end families have quite seductive.

Although the full realization of digital home requires a long process, but security alarm, video monitoring technology will be among the first in digital home.

At present, domestic surveillance market is still in its infancy, but 3 g high bandwidth will open up a new era of home video surveillance, and the birth of a huge market opportunities.

Smart train monitoring system reached the international advanced level

Recently held in Shanghai Science and technology awards Assembly out of the good news: China's independent innovation of products-smart train monitoring system reached the international advanced level, to lead the study of Shanghai Casco signal Ltd. launched the smart train monitoring system in urban rail transit in the promotion and application projects won the first prize of Shanghai Science and technology progress.

China's urban rail transit construction has entered a period of rapid development, but has long rail traffic signal control core technology has been France Germany Siemens, Alstom and Thales, and other international signal company monopoly.

However, such a monopoly is the domestic high-tech enterprise in the field of railway signal break: Shanghai Casco signal Ltd. developed by smart train monitoring system of the technical indicators, such as automatic scheduling, automatic adjustment, optimization of energy consumption, exception warning, has reached and even surpasses the international advanced level, in Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin and other big cities has a broad opening performance.

Smart train monitoring system in the signal system is to ensure the efficient running of trains important equipment, modern communication technology and computer technology and urban rail signal technologies, on Transit train monitoring and automatic control, realization of a number of trains run smart tuning and decision-making capabilities, in theory, first proposed for road network centralized monitoring of three-tier architecture model and secure coding techniques.

This set of system security, efficiency, energy saving, use back to train access points 99.9%, and according to train operation plans to adjust speed, optimizing operating curve.

Smart train monitoring system project innovations has 22 patent applications, of which 15, patent for invention has authorized invention patent 1 item, practical new type patent 7 items, software copyright 1.