ADRC precision tracking motion controller design (1)

Abstract: in order to improve non-circular turning fast servo tracking accuracy and immunity, developed a rejection controller.

Through a implementing agency modeling analysis, model of nonlinear partially due to the system of neirao, processing cutting force interference due to the system, and designed by the extended State observer, on the system, the sum of external disturbances make real-time estimation and compensation. Simulation experiments show that rejection performance over traditional PID control. Through DSP (digital signal processor) programming, ADRC applied to non-circular turning. Cutting test results show that rejection have good control of quality, rapid servo tracking accuracy control within the 5 μ m.

Keywords: non-circular turning; rejection; rapid servo

Non-circular NC turning is non-circular parts efficient, flexible, high-precision machining.

Non-circular turning, cutting tools in rapid servo (fast tool servo, FTS) driver, along with the spindle speed rotary radial along the artifacts do quick reciprocating motion. FTS of tracking accuracy is a non-circular cross section part outline precision. FTS controller design faces two difficulties: first, how to increase the rigidity of the servo FTS, to reduce the changes of cutting force effect on tracking accuracy; second, how to reduce the FTS actuator nonlinearities and parameter changes on tracking accuracy.

At present, many scholars are suitable for non-circular turning of FTS controller for in-depth study.

The text uses the PID control is a combination of feed-forward compensation approach, design feedback based on location and speed feedback both disturbance observer. Text for non-circular turning, tracking signal for regular periodic signals this characteristic, the use of repeating control algorithm, and are improving, enhancing the rapid system response. The text adopted model reference adaptive control, control on FTS, improves the system's robustness and anti-jamming ability.

Rejection (active disturbance rejectioncontroller, ADRC) is an approach based on error feedback of nonlinear control method, its principle is simple, can system unmodeled dynamics and unknown disturbance to make good estimates and compensation, with strong adaptability and robustness.

This application rejection control, according to the non-circular turning on FTS controller in tracking accuracy, response rate, resistance to disturbance of requirements developed rejection precision tracking motion controllers, and simulation analysis and cutting test.

1 charged object modeling

Non-circular turning with FTS executive body structure see the text, it uses the voice coil motor drive principle, springs and rolling guide composite bearing, can be approximated as a spring damper system, differential equations of motion for

Where: m-motion part quality, k is implementing agencies in the spring stiffness coefficient, C for damping, Fw is the process of cutting force, the electromagnetic force FA.

According to the electromagnetic force calculation formula, juice of FA (t) = nBLI (t), where n is the number of turns of the coil as magnetic flux density B and L is the length of the coil, I effectively to current intensity.

On implementing agencies for control, the input for voltage control signal, power amplifier converted to current output, the conversion of I (t) = ku (t), the motion equation can be written as follows:

However, the implementing agencies in the actual work process, because the coil magnetic flux is not uniform and reluctance thrust so that executing agencies of thrust and coil current relationship is not linear, and thus to control brought greater difficulty.

At the same time, due to the cutting force during processing is a real-time changes to the system's stability had a large impact.

2 rejection precision tracking motion controller design

Figure 1 shows the rejection controller structure.

　　

　　

Typical rejection controller including tracking differentiator (trackingdifferential, TD), extended State observer (extended stateobserveF, ESO) and nonlinear feedback controller 3 parts.

N-TD's role is to give non-differential input signal tracking signal and l-n-l order differential signal. TD signal relative to the input signal has a little lag, in addition, non-circular cross section shape parts of general use differentiable functions that the function directly: you can get the reference signal for differential values. Therefore, the controller was removed. TD. ESO real-time estimation of the charged object of the order status variables and system of total disturbance of unknown parts (including neirao and foreign interference), and compensation. Nonlinear feedback controller will TD's output signal and the ESO observed that corresponds to the state variable for the poor, through non-linear combination, does not contain a disturbance, control volume, improve system speed, decrease the amount of overshoot.

Set FTS implementing agencies in the actual work process, the thrust of FA and enter u than an unknown function b (t).

The actuator movement differential equations can be written as:

　　

　　

3 simulation analysis

In order to visit ADRC resistance to external disturbances and changes in the internal parameter, use Matlab programming, a simulation analysis, respectively.

In order to visually illustrate the problem, but also on the simulation of PID control. In the simulation programming, charged objects using second-order model. Because the actual charged objects not modeling component of the proportional factor too large will result in system instability. In order to accurately reflect the actual process of cutting force, simulation process on two control algorithm of proportional coefficient based on the actual situation. In this context, by repeatedly adjust the setting on a mission to track respectivelyError minimal control parameters, and the set of parameters for the following simulation experiment.

3.1 resistance to external perturbations of performance analysis

Non-circular turning FTS is outside disturbance mainly change of cutting force, so the simulation is interfering signal uses during processing of two typical cutting force signal.

Simulation using reference signal for non-circular turning process along the workpiece radial ideal reciprocating motion trajectory. To spindle speed 1 200 r/min, processing ellipticity 0.4 mm piston, for example, the tool motion equation y = 100 (cos (251.33t/s)-1).

Test l: from the start, join s 0.05 amplitude and frequency for 50 N, and the tool movement frequency signal same cutting force Fw/N = 50 (1-cos (251.33t/s)), this is equivalent to the circular turning into non-circular cross section of the condition.

The simulation results as shown in Figure 2, in which the ordinate e for tracking error, horizontal for time t.

　　

　　

You can see from Figure 2, PID control after joining the interference signal, clearly increase the margin of error, the error curve rules also have the obvious change.

And rejection after joining the interference signal, the impact on the fundamental error is eliminated, and not to interfere with the scope of the former is that rejection have good anti-interference characteristics, due to cutting depth changes produced by alternating the cutting force, stronger suppressing interference ability to PID control.

Test 2: from the beginning, s 0.05 joined the amplitude is 50 N, frequency and the tool movement frequency same square-wave signal cutting force, which is equivalent to processing with piston cutting hole oval cross section of the condition.

Two control method of tracking error simulation results as shown in Figure 3.

　　

　　

Visible from Figure 3, square-wave signal due to the cutting force interference with a force of nature, mutations on the impact of the control system will be more than the sine and cosine signal interference.

For the rejection, in cutting force mutation, the error occurs only on the entire range, the range has no effect. But for PID control, this kind of interference caused by error is quite drastic fluctuations. Therefore, due to factors such as the flute and the square-wave pattern change of cutting force, rejection by suppressing interference ability is also stronger than the PID control.

3.2 resistance internal parameter change performance analysis

To test control algorithm for resistance to changes in internal parameters, the reference signal from O.05 s, starting at the output of the FTS implementing agencies gain reduced 50%, the test result as shown in Figure 4.

　　

　　

Figure 4 shows that the gain reduction 50% PID control error range has a more significant change, and the rejection of the tracking results is little affected.

This test reflects the rejection of the charged object model does not depend on the characteristics of its robust strong to PID control.

4 cutting experiment

4.1 test system

Cutting test was in convex G-CNCP200 become oval-piston CNC machine tool.

The machine tools horizontal and vertical movement for open-loop control, AC servo drive. FTS mechanical structure part installed in the machine tool widthwise, driven tool to achieve precise reciprocating motion. Principal axis adopts frequency conversion control, can realize stepless speed regulation. FTS hardware including DSP (digital signal processor) dashboard, D/A converters, power amplifier and linear actuators and linear grating 5 parts. [1] [2]

TWH9250 radar detection module based on the type of alarm

With the substance of constantly enrich and people's standard of living is increasing rapidly, and people's safety awareness continues to increase, many families and units are installed anti-theft doors and Windows, doors and Windows to ensure the security of personal and property safety has played a positive role.

However, like the Treasury, warehouse, laboratory of such important places, relying on simple anti-theft doors and Windows is not enough, you must also install burglar alarm device. Common alarm with infra-red alarm, touch alarm, burglar alarm and magnetic induction alarm, etc.; these common weaknesses burglar alarm is monitoring scope memory in dead ends, as criminals committing provides an opportunity. In order to address the dead angle monitor not problems, using TWH9250 radar detection module [1], designed a new type of Omni-directional microwave alarm no dead ends.

I. composition of burglar alarm

Consider the alarm when the probe to the warning should have a sound and light alarm function, but also on the scene for camera control, so that the design of the circuit structure is used to launch on the subject of cyclic microwave antenna, you should include radar detection module, alarm IC, integrated audio power amplifier circuit, infrared camera control circuit and DC power circuit five parts, the composition of the block diagram shown in Figure 1.

　　

　　

Second, the burglar alarm circuit design

1. detection module TWH9250 introduction

TWH9250 is an innovative radar detection module, the module has the following characteristics:

(1) microwave tube scan launch detection distance;

(2) omni-directional detection; no dead ends

(3) power consumption may be small, battery-powered;

(4) the internal circuit adopts open-collector output terminal with flexible and can be direct drive small relay;

(5) with light kongduan and sensitivity adjustment, meet a variety of occasions;

(6) the external circuit is simple, as long as connected to the ring antenna and Terminal executing agencies, power can work.

TWH9250 module form, pin arrangement and internal circuit function block diagram shown in Figure 2.

Loop antenna transmitting microwave signal form a solid network of microwave warning, when someone in net when walking, volunteers move reflected microwave signals, in which case the microwave generator "circuit will produce as objects move in weak low frequency signal.

The signal level zoom-70dB left, into the Windows comparison circuit voltage and pulse width compared to dual differential circuit. When the confirmation signal voltage amplitude and width are set, the latch circuit to trigger, the trigger signal controlled door to count control circuit for output delay, the delay time is set to 10s and, finally, the last stage power tube collector output. To improve the stability of microwave circuit, circuit of precision, the section of the circuit from 4V and 7V regulator system separate from the power supply. The circuit in the initial power on at the time by the 40s pre stability in order to enter the detection alert, later as long as they do not power off, the circuit at any time at detection status. TWH9250 module working voltage of 12 V. The lead foot function as shown in table 1.

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　

2, alarm IC

In order to issue a similar fire-burglar alarm sound, A2 uses LC246 alarm IC [1], and his first selected sound-that is, 8 foot power (3V), readers if you change the selected sound level, you can obtain other alarm sounds.

The alarm IC is based on the detection module provides output signal.

When someone is alarm effective detection area activities, detection module control signal output with the output of a duration of about 10s or so low level signal, the signal R1 to transistor's base electrode VT1 to VT1 is in the on-State. VT1-collector-level through R3 current limiting, VZ regulators around from 3V DC voltage to enable alarm IC A2 have electrical work, from 5 feet output analysis of the most interesting of the audible alarm signal appliances. At the same time, continuity, VT1 red light-emitting diode LED1 on system sound alarm at the same time also led to the police. If the detection range of activities, the alarm will be ongoing until the end of human activities. The circuit shown in Figure 3.

Because when you first power on TWH9250 approximately 40s in steady state, in this State, the output will have low level signal outputs, in order to prevent just this powerup speakers have harsh warning sound issue, so the circuit set warm-up switch S, just open the switch power, to be pre S stable time has elapsed (available through emitting State to determine the LED1), and then close the switch S, circuit that entered the alert.

3, integrated audio power amplifier

In order to make the circuit output power is large, it is better to alert, the circuit using LM386 small power general-purpose integrated audio power amplifier [2].

His two feet to invert input, 3 feet with phase input terminals, each input on the DC-close to zero, even with the short answer, DC level will not produce too much deviation from, the use of more flexible and convenient. Design time, the integrated power amplifier with OTL receives method, the input coupling capacitor C2, C4 power decoupling filter capacitors, R7, C5 for frequency compensation circuit, to offset the speaker voice coil inductance in the high frequency of adverse effects, improved power-frequency characteristics and also to prevent high-frequency excited. Because the circuit is in the form received as OTLSo in between the output and then load a larger μ F 470 of electrolytic capacitors with C6. Between 1 and 8 foot RP2 and C3, and then adjust RP2 allows the LM386 voltage gain of between 20-200. The speaker uses 8 Ω, 5W loudspeaker.

4, infrared camera control circuit

From the preceding design and analysis, when the monitoring area have the warning appears, TWH9250 detection module output low level signal, at the made of 7 feet for A2 3V DC voltage; all the way to the 3V voltage as alarm IC A2 power, all the way to the infrared camera control circuits [3], and through direct R8 to VT2 's base electrode to VT2 closed by original state to on-the relay K suck, so that the infrared camera circuits have electrical work.

5. DC power circuit

DC power supply circuit consists of power transformers, Silicon, filter capacitors, three-to-end integrated regulator 4 parts, electric circuit as shown in Figure 3.

　　

　　

Power transformer can be purchased directly from the market or wound, its parameter to 220V/15V, 10VA selection.

Filtering can be used with large capacitor Japan ELNA (pressure of not less than 25V) to ensure its quality. C7 to eliminate clutter of power network interference signal, the Green led for power supply indicator LED2. To prevent damage to power grid that criminals alarm system failure can be 12V battery.

Additionally, Figure 3 RG RG for photosensitive resistor, when the resistance is less than 1 k Ω, the module that is blocked is not working, it can achieve "rest" during the day and the night work.

If you request module work 24/7, you can not add RG, directly to the module's R-vacant. RP1-sensitivity adjustment potentiometer, best use of WSW organic solid trimming resistor, by adjusting the size of their resistance, you can adjust the detection range of the module.

Probing module external ring-shaped antenna can adopt φ 2 ~ 4mm rough copper wire production, its inner diameter 10 mm, opening up the parallel wire, and ensure the antenna 10mm erected without shaking.

In addition to the adjustable resistor in a circuit, the remaining resistance are RTX21/8W carbon film resistors.

III. concluding remarks

The burglar alarm using radar detection module TWH9250, unique design and simple control circuit, and the monitoring range is large, detection sensitivity is high, adjust the sensitivity potentiometer allows detecting distance between 1 ~ 5m.

The device in a laboratory test, running well; with simple, practical, reliable, high sensitivity.

Is a good prospect, worth promoting new burglar alarm device.

【 References 】

[1] Chan Hing, xiegang. Innovative electronic module application manual [M]. Beijing: China machine press, 2003.

[2] the Tang, Song Tao's issue. Electronics [M]. Beijing: chemical industry press, 2005.

[3] Lei Xu, Ho million strong. New home burglar alarm systems [J]. Modern electronic technology, 2003, 26 (4) 82283, 86.

Webcam based on ML86500 design (1)

1 Introduction

In recent years, as digital image processing, multimedia technology, embedded system hardware and the rapid development of technology and broadband network constantly popular, video surveillance has gradually come to people's lives.

And compared with traditional analog monitor, IP video surveillance to overcome the limitations of analog CCTV monitor: first of all, digital video can computer networks (LAN or WAN) on the transmission of image data, basically no distance limitation, signal vulnerable to interference, may significantly improve image quality and stability; secondly, digital video using existing computer Internet, no duplicate wiring, installation is flexible; finally, digital storage, compressed video data can be stored directly to inquire about the simple and fast.

At present, the network camera programme most used CPU + DSP CPU combo, complete control, communications, and other functions, and DSP is mainly complete audio and video encoding process, but such programs are generally more expensive.

This article is designed for the network camera based ML86500 programmes with a high compression ratio, low bandwidth, high image quality and low cost.

2 system hardware design

2.1 hardware overall programme

Webcam hardware overall scheme as shown in Figure 1.

The basic principles of network cameras: CCD sensor light into electrical charge, and output CVBS analog video signals to video decoding chip (TW9910); video decoding chip will CVBS analog video signal-to-digital conversion (A/D) into a YUV 4: 2: 2 format of digital signal and output to video coding chip — ML86500; ML86500 be encoded video information, generate MPEG4 compression; MPEG4 stream after stream of RTP Protocol package through network is sent to the remote client (PC), a remote client to decode the video information is restored.

2.2 MPEG4 real-time encoder circuit

ML86500 is OKI company development of real time MPEG4 video compression (coding) with single-chip products, the chip was OKI flexibly and dedicated Accelerator original algorithm, low-cost realized superior design goal is for surveillance cameras, webcams and other video surveillance equipment.

Therefore this network camera programme selection of video coding chip ML86500.

ML86500 internal principle is shown in Figure 2.

[1] [2] [3] [4]

Museum security systems integration, management and exploration of special equipment (1)

Museum of the core part of the security system is anti-theft as core, its purpose is to prevent crime from occurring and to identify risk effectively, but the alarm system background software exist interface single, lack of sound and image data, real-time verification; CCTV system can be solved this part of the problem, but at all times maintain a dedicated staff of monitoring in the practical application of the procedure is not possible; therefore, the security system for seamless connection management is the integration of system running efficiently, at present the museum security engineering practice, joint approach to the two systems, largely through the alarm system provides the functionality of the PGM output relay, and then transferred to access DVR or matrix of alarm input, disadvantages are very obvious, the first is affected by the alarm input quantity limit, if the zone number is large, the supplied alarm output PGM cannot distinguish in detail, DVR or matrix video timely response is relatively a blur effect to the discounted, unusual presents response errors may occur or not timely, the Museum this is high-grade security units.

Second, there is also CCTV system alarm input quantity restrictions that do not meet the alarm system requirements of large zone; at the same time, if a large number of alarm host, back-office software cannot adapt to a single software management and problems, if all of the telephone network outgoing or dedicated line 485 forms of transport costs and transport structure is complex, the stability of the system running safe and result of risks; and, third, and most major issues, alarm systems CCTV system of management and administration are relatively independent, Aviso happens, alarm system host make alarm reaction, but monitoring system can not be timely adjustment of camera location and video, which leads to inefficiency, if their duties are not in place, the consequences are very serious.

In response to this reality, our many years of research and exploration, at present has formed a relatively complete resolution Museum to represent units of high grade security alarm video integration management programme, the following on this solution is the core of a few simple questions:

Alarm system: Posonic dual bus alarm host PS-9192 is a core part of this system, the host has a large zone extension capabilities, and Super remote transmission capacity, host defense from eight basic defense area, scales to 192 custom zone that hosts the number of supported system module is also very much, and can support up to 192 zones nature module, 48 control keyboard and a maximum of 64-channel relay output modules, and other features, such as the nature of the module that is dual-bus structure, on a special area (such as a floor or more centralized area) can choose multiple zone module (8-16 zone), a distance of 750 m, stretched through the power and relay extension module PS-483 double transmission distance; in some more in the long distance sector signal transmission, while you can use the bus driver modules, support 3-way PS-PP8 3Km transfer bus (no need to relay extension) that can add 1-4 zone module using, on the premises distributed Museum of police standoff resolved and perimeter processing can be completed, at the same address can be set 1-eight subsystems, according to the Museum's work and opening hours external conditions to determine reasonable combination of each subsystem to ensure that the security system of rationalization.

To consolidate management of alarm monitoring system aspects make the following brief introduction:

Control software: for establishment in the system of 9192 Admin software (security monitoring software), in addition to completing the normal program setting, Chief garrison, subsystems, and alarm handling, and other functions, you have the entire synchronization management CCTV system, linkage management software integration is now mainstream matrix brand and DVR, DVS brand communication protocols, set in the program, you can choose alarm event or zone event and CCTV system camera side and behind the scenes video management for contact and interaction, the corresponding event methods can be one-to-one, one-to-many or many-to-one or many-to-many, cross form, can be set at will according to the situation, the main purpose is to ensure that the warning event, live video of the first time, will not be subject to the then actions on duty officer's response capacity and proficiency, management system will automatically follow the various alarming situation in advance of the scheduled CCTV camera position adjustment and video start (or high-definition video), and other actions; when the alarm system has a zone alarm, CCTV camera (speed dome) automatically correspond to the position in the video, Defense computer interface automatically pop-up screen management duty staff directly on the screen to see alarm zone facts, based on field observation of events, select the appropriate approach greatly saving the staff took a video of the event.

This efficient management of events on Museum nature of security system of distribution: alarm forms of communication is through a host of SerilaOutput port and management computer 232 serial communication, support multiple alarm host work under the same software (such as a lack of 192 zone), the computer serial port extension; network matrices and DVR with LAN port and computer communications, matrix and more DVR is available through the router and computer communications; control software is built on the alarm system on the basis of the management control, communicate to the CCTV system; alarm system can be run as stand-alone, external remote telephone alarm still works, CCTV system continues to function in its own transport to continue to work, such as remote transmission and remote storage and access can complete normally.

System diagram

The rationalization of the integrated management system is to protect the system set up running efficiently, while front-end detection equipment selection and use of the Museum and alarm system reliability of primary factors, for detection of stable and effective work is the whole security system effective work of the Foundation, the current domestic professional alarm equipment manufacturing

Also, we are also on the current international usually adopts some of the standard detection equipment Museum a simple introduction to facilitate broad peer reference:

Content:

1. outdoor dual technology barrier

Outdoor dual technology barrier

Microwave and quarternary active infrared two detection technology, can be effective on the following factors produce false positives: birds, small animals, leaves and other floating matter, sunlight, high-frequency signal, as the walls of the emission of the signal, the illumination produced by the white light, etc., greatly improves the reliability of the system, while in the wind, rain, snow, fog, Thunder, electricity and other bad of environment also performed well.

Product itself high 2 m-4 m, according to the scene need to retrofit element infrared module, thereby contributing to the prevention of density.

In the product ends with a short microwave detection sources, to eliminate the blind spot of prevention.

[1] [2] [3]

High-tech electronic goods anti-theft system introduction and application of

In science and technology increasingly developed, all cost-effective today, retail store to human monitoring of traditional security methods are no longer appropriate, replaced by would be the application of high technology electronic goods anti-theft system.

Retail goods stolen phenomenon is a worldwide problem, according to foreign generally relevant statistics show that lost an only 9. 34 USD, $ 849 needs to be done to restore the loss of turnover. The loss of the goods has undoubtedly increased the burden on enterprises, to this end, loss prevention gradually as the leader of domestic enterprises. As early as the late 1960s, the United States appeared the first set of electronic goods anti-theft system EAS (Electronic Article Surveilance). Fundamentally changed in the past, everything for the customer to monitor security means. Introduction to commodity anti-theft monitoring to avoid consumer resistance, this anti-theft deterrent has to a large number of retailers by consensus. Currently, the world's large retail enterprises are using electronic anti-theft devices. EAS system 10 years ago began to Asian countries, Japan, Singapore, Korea and Hong Kong and Taiwan regions machine rate is increasing. China Enterprise accepts electronic anti-theft system is in the 1990s, in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other commercial developed cities began shopping centre EAS system installed.

Electronic anti-theft system after 40 years of development, from early in the development of a single principle of a single product to a wide variety of different principles now situation, adapt to department stores, supermarkets, stores, libraries, and other needs of the different types of stores.

1. from further broken down on the forms of protection, can be divided into vertical systems, concealed system and channel system.

Vertical system for detecting device prominently at the Mall entrance, with the exception of detection capabilities also has a significant deterrent effect.

Covert system was installed in the system hidden exports carpets or ceiling, does not affect the overall environment of the store, it can play a role of anti-theft protection, meet the shopkeeper is both beautiful and security needs.

Channel-type system in the supermarket outlet to EAS system with the cashier integrated, constitute the channel protection, is an effective way of supermarket burglary.

2. in its application of heartbeat to distinguish between, can be divided into radio systems, electromagnetic systems, microwave systems, frequency system, intelligent systems and magnetic system.

(1) sound magnetic system

Tuning fork only in the oscillation frequency is the same as the circumstances causing resonance.

Acousto-magnetic system (Acusto Magnetic) is the application of this principle, achieving almost physics with zero false positives, fixed merchandise sound magnetic system labels into the system of detection area, produces resonance, but only in the receiver receives fourth consecutive by resonance signal (every 1/50 seconds), it emits a beep.

Acoustic characteristics of the magnetic system is an intrusion detection rate is high, nearly zero false positives, immunity, protect's exports width up to 3. 5 m, there are two kinds of hardware and software, on the Mall anti-theft tag most types of goods can be protected, and can repeat degaussing, even in the POS cash drawer side system is still functioning.

Sound magnetic system including the vertical system, channel type system and covert system of different kinds, more than 10 kinds of models to choose from, can be widely used in department stores, supermarkets, stores, video stores, grocery stores, drug stores, also available in the Office building and the environment.

(2) radio system

Radio systems (Radio Frequency, RF) using radio waves as the emission of the signal received, the detection in the frequency range of the electromagnetic wave 8.8MHz 7.4-, center frequency is caused by the label 8.2MHz in 8.5MHz interference, thereby triggering the alert.

The biggest advantage of radio system is a system cost is very low, easy to install. However, due to its anti-theft tag for the loop type, so the system vulnerable to interference of some items, such as cash drawer, and other electronic products, metal, etc., caused by a system of false positive or not.

Radio system with soft and hard two labels, you can protect most of the items in the shopping centre.

Two bearing distance between generally cannot be greater than 0. 9 m, usually used in only one import and export of shopping malls. Radio system with vertical and channel-both for the protection of the Department stores, clothing stores, supermarkets, etc.

(3) the electromagnetic systems

Electromagnetic wave systems (Electromagnetic System) using electromagnetic waves as the heartbeat.

Electromagnetic wave system label smallest, label the price is cheap, can duplicate the degauss, but vulnerable to magnetic or metallic substances in which produce false positives. Protection of width is generally 0. 9 meters. The system will not be on magnetic materials (such as audio and video tapes, magnetic card). The new generation of channel-type electromagnetic systems is a software-controlled electronic anti-theft system, using a digital processing techniques and degaussing systems, cash register monitoring, closed circuit television monitoring system integration. Use the quick degaussing plate, can duplicate the degauss, system cost. Electromagnetic systems have vertical and channel two. Application environment more in libraries, bookstores, music stores, hotels, supermarkets, etc.

(4) microwave systems

Microwave systems (Microwave System) using microwave as heartbeat, insensitive to ambient interference, its flexibility to covert installation (such as hidden under the carpet or hanging on the ceiling), suitable for shop decorative and attractive benefits.

But because of the large range of the receptacle shall, in a certain region cannot arrange merchandise, this gold to the inch, the businessmen will limit the use of space, therefore suitable for large department stores and store larger music shops, boutiques.

(5) frequency system

Frequency-division system (SplitFrequency) is made of high-tech low frequency radio frequency technology and signal security system.

When a detection zone anti-theft tag entry, label receivedReceive the Launcher passes signal, and put it into half, and then has been divided into half of the information transmitted to the receiver, the receiver has received only half a signal when a beep, can effectively avoid interference from other radio waves. The system label light, small, cheap, stable performance, high rate of detection, anti-jammings well, does not cause false positives. Products are vertical and subtle type two, is a fashion shop more ideal anti-theft system.

(6) the intelligent system

Intelligent systems application unique technology, is an internally by IC control, battery-driven, set hard tags and alarm group as one of the system.

When the label was prized or with the goods being brought out shopping centre, the system will automatically alarm. The system can make the entire Mall-wide goods are protected, accurate report, tags can be reused, without damage of goods. Used to protect valuables, such as fashion, leather, fur coat, etc.

(7) the principle of system failure

Undermine the principle of the anti-theft system is a hard tags or magnetic locks.

Hard tag contains ink, when the thief trying to dismantle this hard tag, hard tags will emit ink, contaminated goods and thieves. Magnetic lock very easily dismantled, forcibly removed will destroy the goods, it is easy to use, has a very good deterrent effect, and the cost is very low, in clothing, glasses, jewelry, ties, silks and other goods, labels can be reused.

In addition to electronic goods anti-theft system, closely linked with the Mall Security are closed circuit television monitoring system (Closed-Circuir Television, CCTV).

Closed circuit television monitoring system can monitor Mall in situation and suspicious incidents, deter deterrent. Compared with electronic anti-theft system, their advantage is that it not only can effectively monitor the Mall, and take advantage of the video of the event or theft process documented as a basis for future tracing of forensics. Conditional shopping can make electronic anti-theft system in conjunction with CCTV, the more effective in the prevention of crime within and outside the thief, increase security, reduce retail merchandise effect.

Computer radiography (CR) skills upgrading security capabilities

October 2008-2010 Shanghai World Expo will have to enter the countdown 600 days, following the Beijing Olympic Games held in China after a remarkable event.

Various kinds of high technology and new products, new technology has also actively participated in, including GE sensing and detection technology group of CR new products have been approved by Shanghai armed police force, will be applied to the Shanghai World Expo's security work.

Computer radiography technology (CR) use of imaging plates instead of traditional film, scan through the CR system imaging plates stored images into digital signal flow, after computer processing can obtain digital images without the need to flush the film required chemicals, darkroom, and related equipment.

It makes image identification, storage, transport, digitized, industrial non-destructive testing areas get more and more promotion and attention.

GE sensing and detection technology launched CR50XP portable scanner can scan multiple CR dimensions of imaging plate, scan pixel pitch of up to 50 microns, resolution, compact, portable, easy to install, very suitable for police departments in large scale activities of counter-terrorism efforts, in the scene fast examination suspicious packages or unit.

Matching special design of imaging plate, the surface has anti-scratch protective layer that can be used over and over again.

And, the capture image CR50XP scanner speed, image quality is good, also equipped with image analysis, and other powerful professional software.

China CR sales manager Wang hang Lee said, "CR 50XP in image analysis capability is performance, clearer image comparison analysis easier.

If it is an explosive device, it can in the shortest time bomb disposal expert positioning within help, to exclude the danger dangerous situations in a timely manner, but also guarantee the personal safety of riot police. ”

During the Olympic Games in Beijing, Shanghai, armed police force is mainly responsible for the Beijing Olympics, Shanghai Fensaichang security tasks.

The Shanghai Stadium and Shanghai Airport explosion-proof vehicles respectively installed two GE's CR 50XP portable x-ray scanners, in counter-terrorism, reverse hijacking two squadrons, accomplished the task brilliantly.

GE sensing and detection technology's performance after CR scanner several large-scale events at home and abroad, will be at the 2010 Shanghai Expo's riot work again.

Hangzhou hikvision digital monitoring in the course of the development puzzle

Editor's Note: Charles Dickens in the tale of the beginning of said: "this is the best of times, it was the worst of times; this is the wisdom of the ages, this is a stupid times; this is the belief of the times, this is the period of suspicion; this is the season of light, this is the season of darkness; it was the spring of hope, this is disappointed in the winter; it has a wide range of food before, there is nothing ahead; people are straight heaven, people are straight to hell.

"This is not the author of the comment, but hikvision of huyang-reference it to describe the current Chinese digital surveillance industry.

Digital surveillance review and rise

A few years ago, digital surveillance is the industry's expectations for the future of the company, a few years later, digital surveillance CCTV monitoring has become the mainstream of the absolute.

As a result of traditional video surveillance using simulation techniques, and digital surveillance has many analog video monitoring incomparable advantages, digital video surveillance is monitoring an important area of reform.

Digital monitoring of development problems: Korea manufacturers in the world and created a DVR, and DVR into an industry, Taiwan manufacturers close follow up and stand out in terms of embedded DVR; China DVR manufacturers, according to the China bank teller monitoring needs, a unique way; Japan and European manufacturers in the rise of digital monitoring process, quite satisfactory, seem insufficient vigour.

China digital monitor, its logo was the announcement of release in mid-2000 monitoring dedicated compression Board. China PC DVR manufacturers did not go soft calender, but in the Board completed video and audio capture, preview, compression and compound, a unique way, its excellent performance in China DVR manufacturers meet the market demands.

From the development stage Board card, the card in the past several years of development, is to increase the functionality and reduce costs, improve stability as the primary line.

In the next few years will continue to develop, its direction is further broken down: a cost-oriented; a demand-oriented, improve performance, or to increase functionality.

We can "soft pressure and hard pressure controversy" and "DSP and ASIC controversy" and "Embedded DVR and PC DVR controversy" to watch the video compression technology in the development process.

Soft pressure and hard pressure battle

Soft pressure and hard pressure, surface is real-time and non real-time dispute is in fact the performance and cost, stability is also important.

Soft pressure technology bottleneck or PC system resources is not enough: one PCI bus bandwidth limits; the second is the primary processor power limits.

But with the PCI-e bus bandwidth expansion, multi-core processor, 64-bit processor, is bound to the soft calender bring better space for development, in particular the rise of intelligent video surveillance. Soft pressure there are a number of large space for development? soft pressure will stage a comeback?

Embedded DVR development and maturity, its stability, further reduce the cost.

The market for video, Embedded DVR will become soft pressure DVR's nemesis? in needs changing, technology advancements, we give hard compression boards in what new features?

Dispute with ASIC DSP

ASIC is generally designed for the consumer market, chip development cycle length, low cost, plate very short product development cycles, and increase function.

ASIC generally use sophisticated technology to reduce development costs, the cost advantage is not obvious, here it is worth noting that Taiwan manufacturers leverage the strengths of the integrated circuit technology, is already in the global consumer DVR market gained advantage. (A & S: DVR industry in 2005 Taiwan amounted to 48 million US $)

DSP flexible enough to meet the demand for a specific feature of custom, plate product development cycle.

DSP design of large companies in General, advanced technology, such as TI's DaVinci Technology using 0.09um, lowers costs and power consumption.

Based on the above underlying technology, DSP and ASIC controversy still is a DSP for the area of application of the security industry, ASIC for consumption of security application?

Embedded DVR and PC DVR Battle

PC DVR is rich in resources, the extension is convenient, the cost is high.

PC DVR can play resource rich features, do as much of the functionality, or Embedded DVR can not function, or Embedded DVR will not be able to quickly implement features, mainly used to require a specific function in the high-end market.

Embedded DVR functionality additions with limited resources, inconvenience, slightly lower cost.

Embedded DVR emphasizes stability, low price, suitable for functional needs relatively single, fixed, large-scale use fora.

Then, in the professional security market, PC DVR and the pattern of Embedded DVR? we give PC DVR what new features can we save the competitiveness of PC DVR? we know PC DVR highlights of two advantages: (1), a wealth of resources, including processor more processing power, memory, powerful peripherals.

(2), very open development platform. If these resources or its open development platform is not fully utilized, PC DVR is not long and Embedded DVR competition. We can recognize the PC DVR a wealth of resources, you can add functionality, or improve performance, and open development platform can quickly implement functionality that can be used with a variety of specific, it can be said that the combination of PC DVR is no longer a single video equipment.

So a few years later, only fully exploiting PC DVR powerful resource or an open development platform, is the only way out for PC DVR.

The coming of the era of network monitoring

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After several years of research and development, network video monitoring technology and product matures, but the scale of exclusively online.

Exclusive online personalized products and services, many small and medium-sized PC DVR manufacturers, is undoubtedly one of the business development direction.

Based on the public network monitoring, is the era of network monitoring.

Cable/mobile telecom operators, make full use of network resources advantages involved security industry, they will change the traditional monitoring industrial pattern. But what is the establishment of the network platform software, has entered the era of network monitoring?

Network monitoring, as the network status of further improvements to the network storage technology and product improvement, IP is the trend, whether we like it.

IP camera for easy installation and CMOS camera will break through the limitations of the resolution, will become a sign of the times for network monitoring. But IP camera to be a digital surveillance of mainstream products, what are the technical obstacles to span? when will become the mainstream digital surveillance? that is exactly what time can we enter the network monitoring times?

Intelligent opportunity

The rise of digital monitoring is to video encoding technology as the core and the video recording.

But we know the SCADA, prevention is the goal, therefore it can be said of the prosperous era digital surveillance, intelligent video technology as the core, intelligent video technology and video technology, network technology, the perfect combination for the flag. From this perspective, digital monitor now has only just begun.

Intelligent monitoring technology seems a long way off, need imaging technology progress, video techniques and reprocessing technology improvement, especially intelligent video analysis technology matures.

But smart video surveillance what? market demand intelligent product is what we are and what kind of technology research and product development, is the real needs of the market, and how existing DVR, DVS, IP camera products gradually adding intelligent monitoring capabilities? how do intelligent monitoring and video recording of the perfect combination?

Industrial change and corporate positioning

Over the past year, the domestic security industry has undergone some changes, market demand is also growing rapidly, but also attract more companies to participate in.

Very interesting is that foreign investment on a large number of security companies, such as Legrand electric holding as much an, mergers and acquisitions TCL intelligent buildings (international electrical and security); United States funds into deep jiuding and then internally conducted a series of mergers and acquisitions, including mergers and acquisitions; and Hangzhou, Shanghai, Hong Kong daily XX company including external claims into foreign-owned; Ingersoll-Rand acquires Shenzhen BOCOM system integration for 80% of the shares. Domestic mergers and acquisitions are in full swing, as hanbanggaoke merger Shenzhen AO, etc. Especially the operators killed in more traditional security industry brings important effects, such as China Telecom actively developing global eye operations; China Mobile, China Netcom, China Telecom actively intervene city security surveillance, etc.

These changes impact is significant and far-reaching, this indicates that the rules of the game in the industry is undergoing profound changes.

This industry characteristics also progressively rendered, capital to industry are enormous impact, Enterprise comprehensive strength will play a major role; industry consolidation has been substantial. In this variation, to survive is not the most powerful, but to adapt to the more powerful enterprises or that its policy is to adapt to this environment.

Faced with such impact, enterprise business orientation is very important.

In the change process, what strategies can we survive? "in the face of non-rational" competition, we want to avoid risk, how can we survive? "this time we want to ask yourself: how to position our business? how to position our businesses?

Hikvision choice (reference 2005 speech)

In support of many partners, hikvision developed very rapidly in recent years, while at the same time there also exist many problems, we do a lot of exploration, left many detours, get a lot of experience and lessons for the future development of the bedding, these matting including technology platform, product platforms, including the accumulation of management awareness on constantly updated.

In the spirit of "solid foundation, to build up strength" concept, hikvision is 5 years or even longer, the establishment of balanced development system and quality assurance system, and have its own technological innovation and product development capabilities to a higher level.

Through the establishment of a series of processes and continuous process optimization, establish hikvision internal efficiency of the operation system. We will continuously improve and perfect products, improve the competitiveness of products, from speed to the speed and quality of equilibrium, closer to the customer. We will continue to follow the principles of rational competition, not industry rules of predators, destroyer of the industry.

Closing remarks

Charles Dickens in the tale of the beginning of said: "this is the best of times, it was the worst of times; this is the wisdom of the ages, this is a stupid times; this is the belief of the times, this is the period of suspicion; this is the season of light, this is the season of darkness; it was the spring of hope, this is disappointed in the winter; it has a wide range of food before, there is nothing ahead; people are straight heaven, people are straight to hell.

”

Concerned about security: network security on the 2009 top 10 predictions

After the outbreak of the financial crisis, white-collar crime became prominent in the area of network security.

1. malware tricks abound

2007 and 2008, the virus spread, 2009 is not met.

Application for Web 2.0 malware are diverse, more and more difficult to identify. Security experts expected malware will become more complex, in order to obtain the passwords, steal the identity of malware variants will more and more. The attacker can now be written out thousands of malicious programs — the vast majority have no significant characteristics can be identified, these malicious programs can bypass the traditional protection program, to avoid antivirus detection. The attacker also viruses implantation into the formal Web site, in short the virus in 2009, there will still be wanton abuse.

"This is a very big challenge.

"Symantec AntiVirus Department Chief Technical Director Zulfikar Ramzan said," the number of malware than non-malicious software, the way we do things need to change. ”

Second, the network the offender to the troubled waters

In times of economic recession, cyber crime are often more rampant.

In General, the economic crisis period, criminals tend to find new ways to deceive those who are anxious to find a job, changes in financial position of the user.

It is expected that there will be more of a "phishing" scams.

"Phishing" is an attacker to imitated as lenders or banks, available to borrowers large loans, or to provide much-needed cash credit card trick they take in. Some attackers will need the original bank close, transfer requires users to provide their passwords and account information.

Fortinet products of Anthony James, Vice President, said: "this year's trick tricks will more phishing technology has matured to the extent that consumers confused as real ones are difficult to distinguish.

”

3. malware targeting social networking sites

Some social networking sites is becoming more and more popular, they have escaped the malware creators ' eyes.

For colleagues, friends and family online communication needs, like Facebook and LinkedIn this site more and more. Experts predict that an attacker will take advantage of this trend, fake into social networking sites or to users on behalf of a friend, if customers think that is their understanding of human hair, are likely to see this message.

"Social relations will establish a certain degree of trust, an attacker is going to take advantage of this trust relationship.

"Ramzan said," is expected to leverage social fraud will be a substantial increase. ”

4. attack language localization

Fortinet reported that hackers will develop a detailed plan, targeting, a sudden massive attack.

As competition intensifies, hackers will be sufficient homework, to increase the attack range. Therefore, it is expected that users will see more efforts to target strong, attacks of malicious software. This means that there will be more of an attack using local language, instead of the traditional English.

5. solidarity cooperation

Now that the economic situation is not optimistic, enterprises are increasingly attach importance to increase revenue, looking for cost savings, reduce IT expenditures, the company will also consider the use of multi-function technology, product.

Is information security needs of enterprises prefer the original single function point product replacement is affordable, easy to install, easy to manage devices. In order to consolidate multiple security devices to a device, the customer needed a full suite of network security solutions, including SSL check WAN optimization, and disaster recovery and storage capabilities.

James said, "the consolidation trend very uncertain, began to have more and more suppliers in relation to each other, or contains a variety of security software features a single device, or provide a multi-function security device.

”

6. rampant underground cybercrime activities

In fact, underground cybercrime gangs and more powerful.

In the past few years, loosely hacker groups have already developed into management organized by profit-oriented network group. They enrich through collaboration to expand the criminal syndicates. Experts are expected to appear more "hackers", such as botnets leasing, on the Web site for auction to steal account; "script small" according to the contract to provide network services illegally criminal gangs, Rootkit tools and development tools are run automatically, so that "script guy" can get more money.

Experts predict that as the economy worsens, joined the illegal underground organization channels more and more, there will be more people to join an illegal organization.

McAfee Security Marketing Manager Dave Marcus said, "cyber crime profits too easy, so defined, there is an illegal organization. ”

7. internal problems

The deterioration of the economic situation of the enterprises had to tighten their belts to layoffs, resulting in a large number of staff grievances, want to do to try to retaliate.

It was this company take reprisal: valuable information and company secrets to competitors sell, theft, etc. Massive layoffs of companies also need to solve a series of follow-up questions, some of the outstanding account will leave the external or internal attacks.

8. enhancement of information security construction

This year a large number of negative economic data filled up headlines, along with the economic downturn and credit crunch, the credit card company to increase lending restrictions.

Data become a prime target of the attack, 2009 has been to strengthen information security facilities construction.

In this case, the enterprise had to hope for the past of high-end scenarios such as data loss prevention technology and encryption technology to ensure the security of information in the database is stored.

Experts predict that on auditing and reporting tool of the growth in demand.

IX. online games

　　

Network games in Asia and North America of rapid development, to cyber-crime provides a number of opportunities. The player can virtual world life, eating, social networking, that can be encountered in the virtual world. Experts said that the eyes of the hacker network game is a big fat meat, because players are willing to pay all retain their loot, even succumb to hacker extortion. Hackers tend to steal a player's account, the threat to the player if you do not pay it destroyed their loot or put your account down to zero level. Players often have to spend money in exchange for their game account is not lost.

Other security experts, it is expected that in 2009 there are more hackers publish Trojans that specifically to steal online game account and password information.

As the game's development and growth, this virus will also be more and more.

10. information security into the cloud times

Enter the cloud is inevitable in the age of the era.

Many companies prefer to use a managed services model for information security. In the long term, it outsourcing services more affordable, more reliable, more efficient.

Enterprises increasingly rely on management services, rather than hiring extra personnel, on-the-job IT personnel can concentrate more on other key projects.

In addition, information security services can reduce energy consumption, reduce the number of IT staff, to ultimately reduce IT expenditures. Security software SaaS model cost savings. In the cost of essential today, whether large or small business, this is a very attractive.

Australia Telecom confirmed the great interest of mobile RFID Tracking (1)

Telstra Australia Telecom completes an RFID pilot project-this project if its 130 retail stores official run, the annual saving of artificial and product loss cost $ 320 million.

During the three-month test-Australia's largest single grade test project-Telstra on 128,000 phone boxes for labeling, tracking them from Sydney distribution center to retail stores throughout the 6.

The use of RFID systems, Telstra that supply chain visibility from 65% to 99%, improve inventory accuracy.

The company receives goods are 75% reduction, inventory counting time cut by 50%, reduce time lost cargo search by 50%. Product loss and reduced labor costs, each year, the company is expected to save $ 4 million.

Telstra TelstraEnterprise & Government, under the networking solutions and services for children, developed this system, the company quickly will be officially launched at the Telstra retail system.

Telstra project manager JulienMarchand said this test-company in 2006-in October 2008 and February 2009.

Responsible for the management of Telstra distribution center in Miami, supply chain management company retailing sector Brightstar urges Telstra test RFID to improve supply chain visibility. "Their main reason is to reduce supply chain mobile phone loss and Telstra retail product loss. "Marchand said.

In 2007, Australia retail chain of loss amounted to $ 22.6, average rate of wastage or 1.39% of sales due to phone is a high-value products, the price of Telstra mobile phone sales at $ 121-805, improve supply chain visibility can reduce losses.

"So we prepare a business case, but soon released RFID can bring other benefits" Marchand, including short-term interests, such as by reducing staff spend in a warehouse receipt or look up phone time to productivity.

But we also see the long-term potential benefits, such as increased inventory levels of accuracy rates, eliminating stock-outs and minimize stock of goods.

Before carrying out tests, Marchand has developed a set of key metrics, such as in a warehouse receiving goods, inventory, find lost handset.

TelstraEnterprise & Government and NEC to develop a system that uses the package 12800 phone using passive UHF RFID smart labels, operating at 920-926MHz.

Next, staff will RFID readers installed in a distribution center and six retail stores.

Telstra experience multiple installation options, decide which package provides the best read rate, including the reader is installed on a store bin doors and entrances of the cartridge door on the ceiling and the entrance door and storage doors and cashier. "From the beautiful reading rate and the reader is installed in the library doors and entrances to the ceiling, and integrated into the cashier's it system is the best package.

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"Smart dust" dreams into reality: Dust monitoring and control of Earth (1)

The 1990s, a man named Chris · piste researchers have had a crazy dream: people on Earth, sprinkle with countless tiny sensors, each sensor is smaller than a grain of rice also.

Today, piste dream finally became a reality.

He called these "smart dust sensor."

"Smart dust" is like Earth's electronic nerve endings, the Earth monitoring everything. "Smart dust" with a computing device, sensing equipment, radio and a long service life of the battery. "Smart dust" can be observed, real-time transport people, urban and environmental data.

Smart dust

It is not a common sense of the dust, but rather a cheap but intelligent micro wireless sensors that are interconnected to form a network of independent operation, you can monitor climate conditions, traffic flow, earthquake damage, etc.

It is reputed to change the world of technology.

Practice: "dust" to install oil exploration well

From the University of California at Berkeley computer Professor piste said: "this exciting, I have the idea to have now a long time.

14 years ago, I created a "smart dust" this concept. It is silent for some time, now it has finally come. ”

Things might not fully perspectives like him, but was able to progress.

HP recently announced that they are developing "Earth's central nervous system", the next few years, the Hewlett Packard Company plans global planted 1 trillion sensors.

These worldwide wireless device to check the health of ecological systems, monitoring can be more quickly to the earthquake, to predict traffic patterns, and also to monitor energy usage.

In accordance with the idea that if people live to learn more about the world, many accidents can be prevented from, a lot of energy can be saved.

HP Senior Researcher Peter · hartville said that HP has worked with the Netherlands Royal shell oil reached an agreement on oil exploration wells installed 100 000 Matchbox-sized monitor, measure rock shock and other movement of the Earth.

These sensors are each capable of covering 6 square miles.

Peter · hartville said, this is by far the most massive of "smart dust" deployment.

We just feel that today's technology has reached this Foundation, it's time to put the ' smart dust, ' out of the laboratory to show their talents by the. ”

Data: a million, billion, or even to trillion

Despite the recent news that exciting, but there is still a lot of people can't figure out what is the "smart dust".

From a volume perspective, has now been developed and is being deployed sensor dust than real big. Hewlett-Packard Company-developed sensor in size and almost big match-box, if the outside with a metal box for protection, size simply to catch up with the video.

"Smart dust" and weather station sensor and traffic monitoring system is what's the difference?

Size is a difference.

"Smart dust" sensor must be smaller, more portable, but now people skills are also unable to mass production dimensions of only a few mm sensor.

Wireless connection is also a big difference.

Building incubators are mostly used is hardwired. The "smart dust" by wireless transmission and other sensors along with the temperature data to the network. California computer Professor de Pola · estlin said that a large number also "smart dust" and other monitoring system a lot different.

"Smart dust" researchers began, the data is based on a million and one billion even trillion.

It is said that the so-called "smart dust" concept has been brought to reality serious deviation, it is time to subvert the traditional concept. "Wireless sensor networks" or "grid" concept has been a growing number of researchers.

Estlin said, it is important, "smart dust" is not a single use disposable supplies of lost.

"Smart dust" sensor design for a particular purpose, and in specific locations, unlike the original piste fantasy, like dust like interchanged.

Application: farm factory bridge can monitoring

The researchers say, in spite of these differences, the Earth watch up "smart dust" theory to maintain basic human are not affected.

Furthermore, the real world there are many projects for use of the sensor Gets the Earth's "vital signs".

The researchers said in an interview, at present, wireless sensor monitoring the farm, factory, data center, as well as bridges, etc, to master the system working status, improve work efficiency.

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Based on the shared technology charge pump circuit

Abstract: in order to reduce chip area, increase the charge pump gain, an approach based on sharing of charge pump circuit.

By changing two child charge pump series and connected, you can produce a higher voltage and current driving capability of smaller negative pressure, or you can generate a voltage is low but current drive capacity of large negative pressure, this will not only satisfy the system is in programming and erasure on high voltage requirement, but also saves about 50 per cent of the chip area. Charge pump circuit also took on the p-MOS voltage of substrates for dynamic control. Simulation results show that the charge pump gain increased by approximately 14%. The circuit is particularly suitable where two or more negative pressure to complete the programming and erasing of Flash memory.

Keywords: charge pump; share; the lodge to Flash; drive capability

E-erasable programmable memory (memory, EEPROM electrically-erasableprogrammable read-only) and Flash memory in programming and erasing operations require high pressure, therefore charge pump circuit in the single power of embedded memory chip play an extremely important role, their power consumption, size and low power supply voltage of working capacity, directly affects the performance of the entire storage chip.

But in practice, a memory chip inside usually require more than a positive pressure and negative pressure, so the system will require multiple positive high-voltage charge pump and negative voltage charge pump, which makes the charge pump the chip area over the entire memory chip in half of the external circuit. For a band-tunneling thermal electron injection (band-to-bandtunneling induced hot electron, BBHE) programming p channel DINOR (p-channeldivided bit-line NOR) structure of Flash memory, it requires at least one positive high-voltage charge pump and two negative voltage charge pump. For source-induced band-tunneling thermal electron injection (source induced band-to-band hotelectron_, SIBE) way to program new Flash memory, the system will need 2 is high voltage charge pump and 3 negative voltage charge pump.

Because the charge pump circuit in occupies an area of very large, especially when the power supply voltage gradually reduced from 5V to 1 .8V even 1.2V, to produce sufficient pressure to charge pump must increase progression or increase the size of the coupling capacitance, which makes the charge pump circuit in occupies an area of increasing.

Therefore charge pump sharing technology to reduce chip area is very important, but this either increases the difficulty of the process, or making circuit structure become very complex.

This article by changing the charge pump series and connected relationships, without adding any process difficult and circuit complexity, has realized the charge pump shared, making the charge pump circuit in occupies an area of greatly reduced.

1 sharing technology charge pump structure and working principle

Table 1 gives the SIBE structure Flash memory of typical operations mode, including programming and place line-high pressure required 3.3 V is greater than 100 μ A driver's ability to achieve a number of data while programming.

Figure l is used for charge pump system diagram, 8V and 5V charge pump used to produce a 8V programming Word line voltage and 5V erase source line voltage Vpp,-8V and-3.3V charge pump is a shared technology charge pump circuit, it can produce-8V (drive capability greater than 10 μ A) line erase voltage and-3.3 V (drive capability greater than l 00 μ A) bit line programming voltage Vnp.

Whereas-4.8V charge pump you have to select grid 4.8V high pressure on-Vnc to put-glow programming voltage is passed to the select storage unit, as well as in-line voltage conversion module. Clamp circuit is used to output voltage to clamp so that output-voltage stability in the required voltage values. In circuit stopped working, through the discharge pathway can output voltage reset to OV.

　　

　　

In order to reduce chip area, based on the share of negative voltage charge pump circuit shown in Figure 2, it can produce-8V and-3.3V two negative pressure, Ve and Vp is a high-voltage control signal, Ve can Vnp and convert between supply voltage VDD, Vp can-convert between 4.8V and VDD, one-source-4.8V 4.8V charge pump.

The relationship between the input and output as shown in table 2. When you need to produce-3 .3V, let Ve equal to VDD and reset the Vp-4.8 V, the system can be regarded as two of the three levels of child charge pump

(M1-M4 respectively by PMOS tube, coupling capacitor C1-C3 and PMOS tube M5-M8, coupling capacitor C4-C6 composition) in parallel, in two non-overlapping clock CKl and driven by CK2, Vnp output-3 .3V, connect to C3 and C6 of clock signals respectively CKl and CK2, so two child charge pump in one clock cycle, respectively, on the output of the Vnp re-charging.

This not only significantly reduce output voltage fluctuations, while also increasing the output drive capability to meet a number of simultaneous programming on demand of the driving current. If the system needs-8V, Vp of high voltage to VDD and connect to the Ve high pressure output Vnp, M10 is off, but in the beginning because Vnp-0V, M9 does breakover, electric circuit remains two child charge pump parallel work status, but their output is M10. With the Vnp becomes smaller by 0V, its voltage to voltage below the node N2, M9 will gradually breakover, the system can be thought of as a six-level of the charge pump (by M1-M4 and M6-M8 and C1-C6 composition), the final system will produce a high-8V. In this way, and the use of two separate charge pump produces-8V and-glow method compared to the charge pump can save about 50 percent of the chip area. Note that M6-M8 substrate voltage control by Vsub, mainly in order to reduce their side effects, the increase in the lining of a charge pump of gain.

　　

　　

Sharing technology charge pump Ve, Vp timing shown by Figure 3 voltage conversion module.

Figure 3a can achieve Ve in the VDD and conversion between vnp and Figure 3b for Vp at VDD and-4.8V between the conversion. Combined with Figure 2, its working mode are shown in table 2. When a control signal is high, Vpe charge pump produces-8V voltage, and when Vpe to low, charge pump high pressure generated-3.3V.

In order to reduce the share charge pump PMOS in liner partial effects tube, increase the charge pump gain, this article uses a substrate voltage control module, see Figure 4 below.

Which connect the Vnp-8V and-3.3V charge pump output, Vpe is a control signal. Which NMOS tube Mw1 and MN2 and PMOS tube Mp2 and MP3 form on the current mirror. When Vpe-OV, the module will not work, the node is equal to the OV V3, the output voltage is equal to VDD Vsub, and sent to Vsub in Figure 2, and charge pump produces-3.3V high pressure. When Vpe is high, the module starts work, with charge pump in Figure 2, 0V Vnp will gradually reduce the conduction of MH PMOs tube capacity increases, Mp3 and the gate voltage Mp2 will gradually decrease, so that the capacity of the Mp2 is gradually increasing, via inverter input voltage will rise gradually from OV, ultimately inverter INV start flipping, Vsub voltage VDD from initial into OV. By adjusting the chart PMOS and NMOS pipe dimensions ensures that when the Vsub become OV, Figure 2 PMOS tube Mp6-Mp8 of p-n junction is not being bias. This reduces the effect of substrate bias Mp6-Mp8, improves the charge pump of gain.

　　

　　

2 simulation results

To verify this charge pump performance with Tsinghua University microelectronics developed by 1.4 μ m high pressure process parameters, use software HSPICE simulation on it.

Where the high voltage NMOS tube 0.7 V threshold voltage, high-voltage threshold voltage PMOS tube-0.8V. Optimized coupling capacitor C1 to C6 are 12pf, the clock frequency, the power supply voltage VDD 20MHz as 5.0V.

Figure 5 is a charge pump circuit analog waveforms.

Where is the control signal, Vwkrk when Vwork as high, input clock CKl and CK2, charge-pump circuit begins work. When Vwork to low, the clock stopped, charge-pump circuit does not work, just venting channels of the output-side Vnp to charge relief. We can see from Figure 5, when Vpe to low, Vp-4.8V, Ve equal to 5.OV, charge-pump circuit output voltage Vnp equals-3.3V. When Vpe is high, Vp is equal to the Ve and 5.0V Vnp voltage, final system output voltage Vnp equals-8V. And you can see, when the negative voltage charge pump work for a period of time after the Vnp reach-5V, Vsub voltage 0V by 5.0V becomes, which reduces the lining of PMOS tube Mp6-Mp8 allows partial effect of high pressure output Vnp waveform on a turning point for Ncg, and voltage drop after corner speed significantly increased and ultimately achieve-8V (dotted portion is not used substrate voltage control module Vnp waveform, its voltage drops to-eventually 7V), this makes the charge pump gain increased approximately 14 per cent.

　　

　　

3 conclusion

This article proposes an approach based on sharing of charge pump circuit, by changing two child charge pump series and connected, you can in the same circuit in the two negative pressure, saving approximately 50 per cent of the chip area.

Through a substrate voltage control module to charge pump PMOS voltage of substrates for dynamic control, make the charge pump gain increased approximately 14 per cent. The circuit is particularly suitable where two or more negative pressure to complete the programming and erasing of Flash memory.

Embedded network intelligent control system

Summary: embedded device and Internet integration will represent the real future of embedded technology.

Text embedded network intelligent control system to embedded operating systems and Internet networks, first given based on the Web server embedded network intelligent control system architecture; then, the design of software systems, and embedded network intelligent control Terminal and the exchange of information between the Web server the message format, the scheduling server parameters calculation method and load scheduling algorithm; Finally, the experimental results and conclusions.

Key words: embedded operating systems; Web servers; scheduling algorithm

1 Introduction

As Internet technology development and application of universal access to information appliances and EOS (Embedded Operating System) of miniaturization and specialization, EOS starting from a single weak function to the high specialization of strong functional direction.

Marked as Internet-based embedded system, is now in the phase of rapid development. Most embedded systems also isolated from the Internet, but with the development of Internet and Internet technologies, and information appliances, industrial control technology, combined with increasingly close, embedded devices and the Internet combined represent the real future of embedded technology.

This article on embedded network intelligent Terminal control systems, micro-processing system directly with the Ethernet connection ways, embedded operating systems and Internet network organically.

The following is from the embedded network intelligent control system architecture, software systems in two parts.

2 embedded network intelligent control system architecture

Embedded network intelligent control system for application environment and network topology shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 shows the topology by embedded network intelligent Terminal, scheduling, server, Web server group [2], the Internet host. Embedded network intelligent terminal using uCLinux OS [1], the Terminal is connected directly to the Ethernet, the data is transmitted to Internet WAN Web server. Scheduling server plays in the system load scheduling function, not a Web server, the server is overloaded. Web server group collect embedded network intelligent Terminal system data, answer a wide area network host access. Wide area network in the host can access the Web server gets embedded network intelligent terminal data, there is a specific permission of the host and can directly access the embedded network smart terminal.

　　

Figure 1 system application environment and network topology

Embedded network intelligent Terminal consists of a microprocessor, the external interface, network, information processing, shifters, extended memory, and several parts, embedded network intelligent Terminal hardware structure as shown in Figure 2.

　　

Figure 2 embedded network intelligent Terminal hardware structure

3 software system

3.1 embedded network intelligent Terminal software architecture

As shown in Figure 1 of this article using uClinux OS environment as software system development platform, Figure 3 shows the overall architecture of software systems.

Software system is divided into two parts: the managed object software and embedded network intelligent Terminal Software section.

The managed object software part deals with how the sensor signal to collect managed objects, how to drive a managed object and peripherals, how will signal to the embedded network intelligent control Terminal.

Embedded network intelligent Terminal software part involves the kernel modifications, the operating system of the transplantations, file processing, graphics, user interface design, task handling, how to add applications to the uClinux and embedded network intelligent control Terminal and Web server information exchange.

　　

Figure 3 the overall architecture of software systems

3.2 embedded network intelligent control Terminal and Web server to exchange of information between

Web server is a remote device is an important means for exporting information, it can through the common gateway interface (CGI) form allows to modify the device parameters for remote monitoring and control [2].

Web servers have become remote management, especially those without traditional user interface (such as this article design embedded intelligent Terminal) equipment standards. Web browser can communicate with remote devices, and display the appropriate data. In Figure 1 shows the topology environment Web server, client, and embedded network intelligent Terminal use Hypertext Protocol [3] (HTTP) and network programming to achieve information exchange and remote management.

HTTP is a protocol based on ASCII.

HTTP over TCP/IP protocol using the standard synchronous request/response pattern, the client/server structure [4]. When a client request to the HTTP server, you need to send a HTTP request message, the newspaper article format as shown in Figure 4.

　　

　　

Figure 4 a HTTP request message format

Figure 4 shows the HTTP request message from the request line and optional headers, an optional message baoti fields.

Request line established later activities of the stage. Optional header that the client requested protocol, as well as the server in response to understand the client's information.

HTTP request message contains a few information, but through this information to notify the server it's "capabilities and preferences".

Similarly HTTP answer also adopts a similar structure, it is no longer here.

3.3 network data submission

Implement embedded Web Intelligence Terminal application network data submission (Figure 3 software layer application), embedded network intelligent Terminal and Wan Web server network communication between a client/server mode, uCLinux OS environment for network programming.

Network programming (data transmission) includes the following five basic process: create Sockets: socket (); called to bind socket: call bind (); creating connections: the call to connect (); listen listening connection: call (); establish the connection: call accept ().

3.4 scheduling server scheduling algorithm

Figure 1 shows the impact of embedded network intelligent control system reliability is the key factor is the scheduling server network performance parameters calculation rationally and mapping and load positioning is the key to improving network performance.

3.4.1 parameter of calculation and mapping

CPU utilization can be a direct reflection of the performance of the server, the following to get the Linux operating system, CPU utilization, linux operating system by reading the/proc/stat file that records a sys, user, nice and idle variables.

Calculate the CPU usage is as long as two reads these variables, and then using the formula:

Total_1=user_1+nice_1+sys_1+idel_1；

Total_2=user_2+nice_2+sys_1+idel_2；

IntCpuRate=(int)(((float)((user_2+sys_2+nice_2)-(user_1+sys_1+nice_1))/(float)(total_2-total_1))*100)；

Which total_1 to first read the sum of the parameters, the second total_2 read the sum of the parameters.

For other parameters, such as the size of the buffer, you can call a function for the Linux operating system to obtain ioct1 ().

Gets the corresponding parameter, and then adds the corresponding parameters map to load positioning algorithm, parameters of the conversion process is mainly made of the algorithm are dynamic threshold algorithm [5].

The mathematical model of the algorithm are as follows:

　　

B-on as the system interface buffer space capacity, Qi (t) to the ith Web server queue length, Q (t) is the current system, the total queue length T (t) to no longer connect session threshold parameter α for regulators.

The above formula, dynamic threshold algorithm based system status values for the dynamic adjustment control valve, the valve size and current system idle resources proportional to when a Web Server buffer space exceeds a threshold, it will block the Web server, not to the Web server to distribute the load.

3.4.2 load positioning strategy

According to the preceding get parameter, these parameters are passed to the scheduling server.

Scheduling server by using the weighted round robin algorithm [5] to select the appropriate server, load positioning to the specific Web server. Positioning strategies of the algorithms are described below:

Suppose you have a set of Web server is represented as S = {S0, S1, ..., Sn-1}, W (Si) Web server Si power value, the variable I said the last choice of Web server variables cw indicates the current scheduling of weight, max (S) S the collection on all Web servers in the most power value, the gcd (S) S the collection of all the Web servers of the pacts.

Variable I and the initial cw was initialized to zero. Algorithms are described below:

while (true) {

if (i == 0) {

cw = cw - gcd(S);

if (cw <= 0) {

cw = max(S);

if (cw == 0)

return NULL;

}

} else i = (i + 1) mod n;

if (W(Si) >= cw)

return Si}

4 experimental environment and results

Experiment with the topology shown in Figure 1 the simplest system.

Embedded network intelligent Terminal embedded uClinux OS and uClinux OS add the appropriate network communication program. Scheduling server used as the operating system and achieve Linux9.0 3.3 section of scheduling algorithm. Web server group, Internet hosts as common forms. Figure 5 is the use of Ethereal network protocol analyzer Gets a packet, the figure shows the design of this system and the use of algorithms.

　　

Figure 5 get packets

5. concluding remarks

Experiments show this article's system structure, load calculation method and scheduling algorithms embedded network intelligent control terminals, remote control.

Through the use of weighted round robin algorithm and dynamic threshold algorithm for solving the system load scheduling, the system has a good networkPerformance and higher value of the actual application. The system is further embedded network remote control system services research to build a good network platform.

Reference documents

[1] Li Jing, Zhang Wei-new. UClinux real-time tasks under an implementation of [J]. a micro-computer information 2005 (1): 129-130

[2] Wang Tong ping, fangbinxing, cloud xiaochun. Web-based management of network monitoring technology design and real [J]. Computer engineering, 2002 (10), 2003-2004

[3] J. Gettys J. Mogul Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1[S] RFC2068

[4] M.tim jones embedded system TCP/IP application layer protocols [M]. Beijing: electronic industry press, 2003.91-96.

[5] Hahme E L, Choudhury A K. Dynamic queue length threshold for mulitiple loss priorities.

IEEE/ACM Trans Networking[J],2002,10(3):368-380

FPC1 0 11 F based fingerprint recognition system design and implementation

1 fingerprint recognition principle

1684, plant morphology home Grew published its first articles on the fingerprint of a scientific paper.

1809 Bewick his fingerprints as a trademark. 1823 year Anatomy home Purkije will fingerprint is divided into nine categories. 1880, Faulds in the journal nature fingerprint to identify advocates. 1891 Galton made famous Galton classification system. After that, the United Kingdom, United States, Germany and other police departments have used fingerprint verification method for the identification of the main method. Current fingerprint image acquisition principle include: optical technology, semiconductor silicon technology, ultrasonic technology. Which the optical fingerprint capture device has obvious advantages. But because of the requirements for a sufficient amount of optical path, and therefore require sufficiently large dimensions and dryness and overly greasy fingers would also enable the optical effect of fingerprint products. In the late 1990s, developed based on semiconductor Silicon capacitive effect technologies mature. Silicon sensors become a plate capacitor, the finger is another plate, use the fingerprint ridge and Valley line relative to the smooth Silicon sensor capacitance, formation of 8 bit grayscale images. Silicon technology advantage of smaller surface than optical technology better image quality, in 1 cm× 1.5 cm surface get 200-300 lines of resolution (smaller surface also result in cost reduction and can be integrated into smaller units).

2 FPC1011F fingerprint sensor

FPC1011F fingerprint sensor has the following characteristics: (1) FPC1011F chips produced in Sweden, a unique reflective measurements, antistatic up to plus or minus 15 kV, wear-resistant 100 million times, was the domestic financial sector recognized as banks specified parts.

(2) use of fingerprint identification chip PS1802DSP and optimal fingerprint algorithm, fingerprint image is better. (3) processing speed, peak can be reached in 1: 480MIPS, 1 000 mode, time is less than 1 s. (4) power consumption compared to similar products of low, normal working frequency 120 MHz, only 120 mW. (5) module volume 35 mm mm× 26 mm× 1, facilitate the development of various fingerprint products. (6) for dry and wet fingers have Auto-Tuning feature.

3 system hardware design

The entire system as shown in Figure 1.

3.1 fingerprint collection

FPC1011F fingerprint sensor with small capacitor plate, sensor, high sensitivity pixel amplifier so that each pixel is very weak signal FPC1011F can detect, thereby improving image quality.

Use the alternate order and arrange and sensor power plate, alternating plates in the form of two capacitor plate, as well as fingerprint ridges of the Valley and a plate of dielectrics. The constant change of dielectric sensors detect the fingerprint image is generated.

3.2 MCU microprocessor

Because of the fingerprint identification process requires a large quantity of mathematical operations, and procedures also need space for storage, for efficiency, the operational tasks to MCU, and image acquisition part you want as few occupy MCU.

In addition, the use of image acquisition of clearance or image acquisition, from hardware to complete part of simple and complex calculations can share the MCU processing tasks, improve processing of parallelism, meet the requirements of real-time performance. This system uses chipscreen (Mi-croehip) company PIC16C78X series 8-bit MCU chips, mixed in with integrated amplifier, AD, DA, comparator, analog circuit, very suitable for data processing. Through the use of extreme value filtering, smoothing filter, Laplace change, binary, and so on fingerprint image preprocessing and achieved good results. System of acquisition to 8 bits grayscale fingerprint image, each pixel occupies one byte, the image size is 512 x 512 pixel size, storage frame image need 256 k bytes. Due to the image itself to the sheer volume of storage, system need external storage to ensure there is enough storage space, the images stored in USB disk. At the same time, the system can also be accessed via the data cable and is connected to a network, implement remote control function. MCU is the core of fingerprint processing system, responsible for fingerprint for real-time processing.

4 experimental simulation

Use MATLAB7.0 image processing box for simulation, an average of one image data simulation time consuming 0.73 seconds, recognition rate error is less than 1/310 000, fully in line with the actual engineering needs.

Figure 2 is a random one thumb fingerprint image, Figure 3 is a fingerprint library collection corresponds to the image. Green represents the recognition of special enhanced region.

5. concluding remarks

This article presents a new automated fingerprint identification system, using semiconductor sensor FPC1011F and MCU chips of fingerprint recognition system that has the extension interface, you can make the second development, have practical value.

FPGA + DSP seeker signal processing FPGA design of key technologies (1)

1 Introduction

As with the anti-industrial requirements for precision-guided weapons, weapons systems, the overall design scheme of increasingly complex, as well as electronic components of rapid development.

Seeker signal processor features more complex, the hardware size increasing PCT processing speed is increasingly high. and product updates quickly, shortening of the life cycle. Implement the functionality, performance indicators, high anti-interference ability is strong, stable and reliable operation, small size, low power consumption, compact structure reasonable, in compliance with the requirements of the missile seeker signal processor is imperative. The last single use DSP processor built signal processor is not able to meet the requirements of .FPGA + DSP seeker signal processing structures become the current and future periods.

FPGA and DSP processors have a very different framework in a device very effective algorithm in another device may be very low.

If your destination requires a large number of parallel processing or the largest multi-channel flow, so simple DSP hardware system may require more space, cost and power consumption. A FPGA on only one device can high up to 550 parallel multiply and add operations to fewer devices and lower power consumption and deliver the same performance. But for regular updates, and decision control coefficient or high-speed serial processing tasks, FPGA DSP optimization level far behind.

FPGA + DSP digital hardware system is a combination of both advantages, both the speed and flexibility.

This article by seeker signal processing system, for example description of FPGA + DSP FPGA technology.

2 system components

This system South a FPGA and DSP to compose a piece, FPGA parallel computation in real-time for standard digital signal processing algorithms capabilities far stronger than the DSP, digital signal processing in the receiving system to use FIR filters, FFT, IFFT, algorithm implemented in the FPGA is much faster than using DSP and FPGA vendor provides a very rich and easy-to-digital signal processing parameters Core. can greatly simplify the development process.

Moreover, the FPGA support chengshi design highly parallel framework and there is a wide range of multipliers and memory resources, digital downconversion (DDC), pulse pressure (PC), moving target detection (MTD), CFAR (CFAR), and so forth, are implemented in the FPGA, which can effectively improve real-time performance, integration and stability. While DSP for other complex signal processing, such as automatic target recognition, anti-jamming, etc.

FPGA and DSP communications through 32-bit data bus interchange.

FPGA by the data bus to be logging target ling information passed to the DSP do post-processing, DSP through data bus control information.

Figure 1 FPGA + DSP system block diagram

3 FPGA design in key technologies

3.1 design across clock domains

3.1.1 basis

Only the most basic logic circuit that uses a single clock.

Most of data transmission-related application has and bovine accompanying challenges that spans multiple clock domain data, such as disk controllers, CDROM/DVD controller, modem, network card, and network processors, etc. When the clock signal from one domain to another clock domain appears in the new clock domain signal is an asynchronous signal.

In the modern IC, ASIC and FPGA design, many software programs can help engineers create millions of door circuit.

But these programs are unable to resolve the signal synchronization issues. Designers need to know the reliable design techniques to reduce the number of circuits in the cross-domain communication time clock failure risks.

Engaged in multiple clock design is the first step to understanding signal stability problems.

When a signal across a clock when the domain for the new clock domain circuit, it is an asynchronous signal. Receive the signal circuits required for synchronization. Synchronization can prevent the first-level storage unit (trigger) of metastable in new clock domains spread spreading.

Metastability is the trigger cannot be a stipulated time period reached a recognizable state.

When a trigger when entering the metastable, especially for the prediction of the unit of transmission}} {level and cannot predict when output to stability in a correct level. The stabilization period, the trigger output some intermediate-level, or may be in a State of oscillation, and this especially with the output level can slip signal channel each trigger cascade communications.

Since the data rate is relatively low, and FPGA working frequency can be very high, so the radar signal processor, FPGA design is bound to introduce cross-clock domain design, for example in a mouth, control network for 10M. Pulse compression work clock 200M, MTD, CFAR as 80M, is a typical design across clock domain.

Figure 2 Schematic clock domains

3.1.2 cross-R '' clock domain processing

[1] [2] [3]

Ford launches intelligent system set security and entertainment

Recently, Ford in his Lincoln on MTK series models equipped with a wide range of intelligent systems, including intelligent cruise control (Adaptive Cruise Control), rear-end collision warning and auxiliary brake system (Collision Warning with Brake Support), Active Accessibility parking system (Active Park Assist), blind spot monitoring system (Blind Spot monitoring), as well as SYNC in-car entertainment systems.

Ford's auxiliary parking system operation is easy, you only need to press a button, the car will automatically determine the available parking space, calculate appropriate backing track, and through the steering wheel control secondary drivers complete the reverse process.

Ford's intelligent cruise system through radar detection vehicles in front of the traffic by automatically adjusting the speed to maintain the distance the vehicle and.

Whenever the driver out of the turn signal, the blind spot monitoring system will be automatically enabled, if in the blind spot detection to the vehicle, the driver issues a warning.

The system will auto reversing time through sound and warning light alert users to the rear of the vehicle.

SYNC is Ford and Microsoft two years ago launched the in-car entertainment system, we would have done.

This system is now Lincoln MTK models on a standard configuration. The system allows users to communicate via voice control vehicle and entertainment systems, including mobile phones and media players, in addition also has an automatic alarm function 911 (airbag pop-up when automatic warning), automobile maintenance information display and reminder function.

Also to talk about the security industry does not regulate competition phenomenon

With the rapid development of China's economy, a variety of modern hotels, shopping malls, office buildings located in the city, these intelligent buildings for increasingly high demands of security, making security products applications more and more widely released, add new demand point more and more, in particular the Government this year to promote "emergency system," "peace community" and "safe city", "" projects, and other major 3111, contributed to the police and the community the demand for security products continues to heat up.

Related data show, the 2000 China security value only $ 250 billion, after the 10 th five-year period of rapid development of the 2005 annual production value of more than 900 billion yuan, the annual output reaches 1 billion in 2006. In 2007, on the basis of 2006 continued to grow, have reached $ 1450. Experts predict that in the next few years due to reduced demand for traditional security field, the security industry overall growth will be slowed down by 2010 China's security will reach 200 billion yuan of output value. Good prospects for many industry insiders feel elated, many enterprises are eager to from this huge market share as much as possible in the cake.

Although industry development prospects are very attractive, but also many in the industry believe: industry development mechanism is not perfect, the lack of long-term stable development of the Foundation, product homogeneity serious ...

These problems if you do not solve the security industry Foundation is not strong, is always in disordered development status, which is not conducive to the healthy development of the industry.

Operating mode: concentration low management loose

Domestic security industry concentration is low, generally smaller size of the enterprise, management more backward.

The current international competition becoming increasingly fierce, China's labor, raw materials, and other strong points are gradually disappear, the domestic security enterprise product technology content is low, the lack of independent intellectual property rights, and the key technology and core components, devices and equipment mainly rely on foreign imports, on the foreign markets depends on the degree is high, the difference in the fight against risks, as long as foreign markets some trouble, downstream of domestic enterprises will be implicated, swept through the global financial crisis is a typical example. In financial terms, the capital of the security industry has yet to rationalize the operation mechanism, the enterprise would like to get loans and venture capital is very difficult. Shortage of funds, security enterprises in technology development, channel construction process has a huge risk. In addition, in the construction process, the customer owes the project developers, engineering defaults production enterprise sporadically, such funds in a vicious cycle of many enterprise capital chain run smoothly, unable to carry out the work of late.

The industry is not mature, domestic enterprises are faced with the challenge of numerous foreign enterprises.

Many transnational security company to enter the Chinese market, not only brings the proven technology, but also brings advanced security concepts, they seize lands "at home", in the high-end market is definitely the main players, national priorities project in most of the overseas famous brand products. In contrast, domestic security enterprise product stability is not enough, seems less sustaining power, only in the second and third line looking for business opportunities on the market. Market: lack of competition because of the security specifications for legislative work delay makes the whole market was not specification, do not form a unified market management system. Market monitoring is not in place, many local governments and the user is not strict implementation of standards, specifications; enterprises lack of brand awareness and market competition confusion, "fake and shoddy products, brand products of inferior agents, such as the phenomenon of malignant undercut" still exists.

Security products prices go low, sales increases were not profitable expansion.

Security products to market earlier and less competition, early access to the market the brand is monopoly, users mainly Government and some large enterprises, product prices, profitable. But with the security industry's rapid growth, increasing competition, but do not form an orderly market, the price war brings the entire malignant industry low prices. From here, the profit margin decreased substantially, although the market has achieved remarkable success, but did not bring profit growth.

Product homogeneity, there is an urgent need to develop new technology, research and development of new products.

Currently available on the many kinds of security products, but all manufacturers products performance similar to lack their own style and unique, project developers and users to select, it is difficult to choose the right products. Security field involving intelligent monitoring, security alarm, access control identification, and other fields, the product is very rich, but only the use of video surveillance equipment, extensive security market occupies half of the country, while other alarm products, access control and identification products use a narrow range, in the security products on the market as a proportion of relatively small, far behind video monitoring products, the entire industry development imbalances.

Solution: establish regulatory improvement regulations

Industry analysts pointed out that China's security industry must develop and improve the industry regulations, improving the industry's legal level, the increase of management capacity of industry self-regulation of self-government, accelerate industry credit system, supervision enterprises credit management, and create a healthy and orderly market environment for the enterprise in a relaxed environment, better development space.

The rapid development of the security industry, new technologies, new products are emerging, industry standardization work put forward higher requirements.

In order to promote safe city construction, national security alarm system Standardization Technical Committee has completed the "urban monitoring alarm system standard system" and the city monitoring alarm system General technical requirements for development, to the end of 2007, completed the 18 "system table" standard in the 12 standards sent for approval. In September 2007, the national security guard alarm system standardization body biometrics by the Technical Committee was established in Beijing, this is a security standardization in the history of a landmark of important events.

Industry noted that the security industry maturity is not high, many enterprises on the market and destruction of the market was mixed.

Only the establishment of related standards that will consolidate the industry base and make it into the health of the fast track.