Building intercom system audio circuit design

Building intercom system audio circuit design:

Building intercom audio circuit structure in General can be divided into two types of uplink signals and downlink signal separately as two line transmission, then the same line up and down line signals transmitted simultaneously.

Uplink signals and downlink signal separately as two line transmission, have the circuit is simple, good effect of transmission, defect a is a transmission line, the second is the networking problems.

The same line and bottom line signals transmitted simultaneously, in order to make the uplink signal downlink signal interference, eliminating side tone circuit, circuit complexity, design is not good effects, or even cause whistling.

The advantage is the connection of simple, non-visual design in two-wire connection, regardless of a line, just like a telephone. Because a signal lines and ground, so the networking easier.

Independent straight talk by multiple lines are mostly using the former, even network uses the same cable transmission mode.

With the cable transmission side silencers good or bad is the key to the audio effect.

Familiar with all of the telephone to have an understanding of this part of the circuit, knowing that this section is not easy to do.

Let us first review the following telephone standards, in which we can look at which copying is different.

Telephone direct resistance less than 350 Euro (dialup), on line impedance 600 euro.

Central Office AC impedance is 600 euro. Wires length 0-5 km. Line resistance 0--2 kilohms (double).

Reference phone network, building intercom network use telephone line transmission, also want to designed 600 euro.

However, building intercom connection typically do not like the phone, or even can not remember line resistance (and 600 euro). While the phone is a point-to-point communication, building without design floor decoder, an audio bus may pass several households.

Telephone Central Office is in the ring, dialing, call, on line impedance is unchanged (600 euro), thus eliminating side tone circuit in different States can be a very good performance.

In designing the building intercom, you must take this into account. Otherwise there is mention of machine called machine, dialing, listen back to Bell calling machine, call call machine cannot take account of the phenomenon.

To this end, we request design call circuit in the machine hang on line impedance not affected, that is to call the circuit is the high-impedance state, instead of the telephone of 600 euro.

All the machines in the on-hook State also represents a high impedance, parallel to a value greater than greater than 600 euro,

How to reach high design call circuit hire State?

General telephone circuits in electronic switches, has three branches: 1 send transistor collector, 2 receive cut side tone resistance, resistance through 680 Euro 3 the power supply, telephone why input impedance 600 Europe? is the third part of the results of the impedance parallel, send transistor collector output impedance = high resistance, sound resistance received cut side = some 680 K and European input impedance 600 European resistance.

Know the phone input impedance is how to control it, you can design a high-impedance circuit of the call.

Just remove the 680-European resistance, turning on logging code above, remove 10K resistance is very good building intercom call circuit.

Said country, because normal call circuit not too long, you can set parameters, in to the audio line power design la circuit impedance is 600 euro, you can, to all send circuit, load impedance is 600 euro, not the number of users with access.

Balancing arc side tone circuit just fine.

We all know that the phone is online on the road direct from electrical work, cancel 680 euro resistance, how to get electricity online? should be able, to send voice, receiver tandem circuit (most phones are like this), the current first through the circuit and then sent to the receiver on the ground, in receiving circuits for power, sufficient 386 zoom used.

Recommendations designed to 40MA 5. 1V supply capability.

Safe city pace wireless streaming media technology (1)

With the rapid development of the economy, the growing complexity of social order situation, various types of emergencies, and order in cases of criminal cases, and the accident occurred from time to time, large meetings and important security tasks very heavy.

In September 2005, the Chinese Ministry of public security official launch urban alarm and monitoring system (3111) throughout the province, city, and county levels alarm and monitoring system-building, promoting the construction of the "safe city". At present all the major cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hangzhou has begun to accelerate the construction of urban video surveillance system. Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau police on patrol and officers of wireless communications equipment configuration, relying on a/wireless communication, image communication, GPS patrol, van automatic positioning, GIS geographic information, computer-aided decision making system and computer network platforms, further enhance the command center of emergency response, social interaction, dispatching and decision-making ability.

1. wireless streaming media monitoring technology overview

Wireless multimedia streaming media network monitoring and management platform set wireless communications, streaming media, video processing, computer networks and automation technology, is video, audio, data and graphic integration solution.

Both network video surveillance, video conferencing, video, broadcast, and other functions that have the super large-scale networking capabilities for wireless monitoring system in public security industry provides technical support for all kinds of emergencies and contingency event provides good preparation, vehicle monitoring, public transport (bus, subway, bus, etc.), monitoring, and so difficult to monitor. Wireless networks, and streaming media business is primarily intended for GPRS/EDGE, CDMA, providing higher 3G bandwidth (100kbit/s or more) of wireless packet network. 3 g network air interface bandwidth increase to streaming media business to provide a good foundation, unifies wireless system is not affected by time and location constraints make mobile streaming media service more attractive. Video encoder and adaptive high-performance streaming media server devices makes the image definition reached FullD1 (DVD) effects, real-time performance, ease of use, you can directly through the Web for remote monitoring and remote management, providing users with a flexible choice, electronics monitoring picture maps, making full use of Firewall/VPN, encryption, rights management, security, authentication, real time clock technology to guarantee surveillance system and video materials are not ultra vires the use and destruction.

In urban security networking system, because the front-end device and backbone network bandwidth restrictions, massive user concurrency video resources easily generate network congestion.

In large-scale networking monitoring system using streaming media distribution technology, relying on distributed streaming server clusters to achieve sound/video stream of tiered forwarding, radically avoid massive concurrent flow generated by the network bottleneck; a single streaming media server bandwidth around 1000M in 100M «, you can meet thousands of road users in the on-demand request (per road 384kbps calculation). This front-end devices only need to send a copy of the data to the streaming media server, the streaming media server buffer forwarded, clients are unified to connect to the streaming media server for video data, the actual realization of multiple concurrent access of the user, saving precious bandwidth and front-end devices. Although the streaming media server is a distributed management, but all the user's authorization is centralized management, thereby ensuring service continuity and security of your business data.

2. wireless streaming media monitoring system of related technology

CDMA wireless streaming media monitoring system is a streaming media codec, embedded and CDMA1X network communication technology and other high-tech integration product that combines traditional monitoring, wireless networks, dynamic tracking, mobile VOD technology, for all kinds of complicated environment, important regional or remote locations daily, emergency monitoring and control provides superior surveillance applications.

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LonWorks field bus technology in train monitoring system (1)

1. introduction

With the continuous development of science and technology and in various industry sectors are widely used, there is growing evidence that a particular industry or a wider area of uniform technical standards are increasingly important and becomes a restriction or promotion of industry technology development of an extremely important factor.

In the railway system in the same issue, if there are no uniform standards, various vehicle systems manufacturers often along their way in the development of a proprietary, non-compatible interface products, to limit the buyer can only use their systems, products and technology competition, the constraints on the development of related technologies. The past quite a long time, the railway system train network communication technology is in a State of non-standards, to a large extent restricted the train network monitoring system for technical development. In 1999, for international train communication network, developed two on appropriate standards: IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) the train communication network law and IEEE (United States of electrical and electronics engineers) for the train network communication protocol. The latter's content scope includes the former, it provides for two types of train communications network: the model t and L type. T-type i.e. TCN network (TCN), L-free topology twisted-pair for the channel regulations》by LonWorks communication network. Reference to the above two big international standard, combined with the domestic realities of railway traction, in 2002, China's Ministry of railways has also developed a corresponding People's Republic of China railway industry standards – train communication network. This standard also defines two types of train communications network: the model t and L type. At present, the domestic application of train communication network is concentrated mainly in the L-type network. In the railway system in the adoption of open standards for IEEE will guarantee many manufacturers product interoperability, which can help to promote supply chain in each link of competitiveness, speed up technology development.

2. technical characteristics of the network control

LonWorks (Local Operating Networks) is a United States Echelon Corporation 1991 launch of fieldbus technology, it can be a good solution in the control network design, composition, installation and maintenance of a large number of issues appear in.

LonWorks network control technology features:

(1) open: open network protocols, on any user equality;

(2) interoperability: LonTalk LonWorks communication protocol ISO (International Organization for Standardization) defined by the OSI open interconnection model.

Any manufacturer's products can achieve interoperability;

(3) communication media: practically include all available communication media, including twisted-pair and power line, optical fiber, coaxial cable, radio waves, infrared, etc., but also in the same network can have a variety of communications media;

(4) network architecture: can be a master-slave, peer-based or client/server mode;

(5) network topology: a star, bus, ring and freedom;

(6) communication rate: up to 1.25Mb/s, effective communication distance to 130m.

Use twisted pair, 78Kb/s rate linear communication distance up to 2700m;

(7) LonWorks network communication uses object-oriented design methods: LonWorks network communication technology called a "network variables" that enables the design of network traffic reduced to parameter is set to increase the reliability of the communication;

It is precisely because of the LonWorks technology fully meet the future requirements for measurement and control system, at present, its use has spread all over the world in 56 countries and areas of industry, building, transport, energy and other automation field.

3.LonWorks technology applications

3.1 railways train communication network standards on the provisions of the L-network

Standard in the "applies to connect a basic operating unit (a single vehicle or vehicle combination of fixed) or a set of basic operation of the unit of electronic devices, the transfer time is too short, time is not required to determine the event-driven message data transmission", mainly used in the train monitor system.

As the train monitoring system monitor objects relatively fixed and train marshalling of particularity, the standard also provides the most common network topologies and network of bus, as shown in Figure 1.

3.2 train network monitoring system overview

In many applications, the main train network monitoring system is implemented on all vehicles in the operation of train equipment running monitoring and, if required, to be controlled device remote control operation.

These vehicles are often relatively fixed equipment, including air conditioning controller, auxiliary power inverter, smoke and fire alarms, access control, alarm, hotbox antiskid, train power supply controllers, etc., almost all required on electronic devices. System on these devices monitor control variables, both analog and digital. Because the number of train of hanging often exceeds 18, the entire system of monitoring object number, network traffic is relatively large. In addition, because the train marshalling behavior may change in the network monitoring system must also be set according to the setting for the car number and formation on the entire network for dynamic configuration to accommodate the different train marshalling. System design, in addition to the generic node design, because many train equipment using the traditional micro-control technology, but also keep the original RS-232/485 serial communication mode, the system to establish communication with these devices, you must install the protocol conversion node. Therefore, the overall system design and implementation is more complex.

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To access control system is based on the realization of security integration (1)

At present, in the security system integration platform to access control-based integration and to video-based integration of applications more.

This article describes the access-based integrated demand generation, the system composition, main features, as well as future challenges and available to readers.

For a comprehensive security system, regardless of access control, monitoring, alerting, or electronic patrol system, are very important.

TV monitoring system will be a live video image to the Central Administration and handling and recording, guarantee a rapid visual processing on-site event; access control system through the channel of authorized management, prevention of passively to active prevention, also increased channel management portability; warning systems are essential to the subsystem, through various alarm detector form a three-dimensional protective space; patrol system to strengthen the efficiency of the civil defense, assuring the security staff must regularly fixed-point patrols in place.

However, traditional and integrated security systems in each of the subsystems are independent existence and independence, it is not necessary for each other.

With security technology continues to improve and people on the centralized management of demand, there is an urgent need to adopt a set of unified management platform for various subsystems for centralized control and monitoring, that is, the "use of the subsystem generated information changes so that each subsystem made corresponding coordination actions, it also means that information can be passed and across different subsystems, information exchange, extraction, sharing and processing. "Bosch Security China access control and integrated security systems, senior product marketing manager Zhang says.

So, we have the access control system-based integration is defined as the access control function modules to complete and other subsystems interact process between information.

System: front controller + management platform

It is understood that the access control system is based on the composition of the integrated security system mainly includes the front controller and management platform for two major sections.

Front controller for access control, alarm, electronic patrol device access and control.

According to Lenel North Asia area Sales Director LU Tin Yat describes, these devices include access control reader, electronic locks, door switch, magnetometer, attendance system of the attendance card reader, parking system's reader, alarm system with infrared detector, motion or sound of detectors, perimeter barrier detectors, patrol system of patrol reader, patrol button, etc. Visible, such management platform includes integrated security systems for access control, alarm, electronic patrol, attendance, parking management and other related subsystems.

And management platform for these control equipment to provide management, because all the front controller is intelligent, so management software is setting up the controller's work content and the acquisition of a variety of logging information to the controller, and a variety of events for the appropriate handling and control.

"For example real time reflect access cardholder's card status, alarm events reflected in electronic map on vividly reflect the security personnel of the State, and so on, these patrols are composed of a set of management software. "Bosch access control and integrated security systems, senior product marketing manager Zhang said.

For TV monitoring and consumer systems, Shenzhen Tianying-long technology co., Ltd. Technical Department engineer said, as long as these two subsystems with market-ready data and device interface, such as television monitoring system matrix switch is through the serial port to accept external command functionality, DVR has remote control management and image adjustment features, consumer system database can support external personnel data import or sync, consumption system hardware products are compatible with a cartoon system card technology, security management is achievable.

Too much emphasis on alarm and event information management

From interviews with the authors understand that the access control system as the basis to do integrated approach to overall system the main functions of the service to access control and access management.

"When the event occurs, it must be first alarm front-end system target detection, when the alarm message transmission back to Central Administration, you can call the video image to view the site in real time. However, in this series of reactions that the alarm system is only an early warning mechanism, and video system implementation view review, only the access control system will achieve the status of the control site. "Bosch access control and integrated security systems, senior product marketing manager Zhang said.

Of course, once the event occurs, all the alarm event system (access control, alarm and patrol, etc.) can be linked TV monitoring system for hard disk recording systems and matrix controller made corresponding response.

"For example, when the door control system is illegal in a door is opened, the integrated system will control the TV monitor system matrix controller will this door camera images corresponding to switch to TV monitor system on the home screen of the display and integrated system of management platforms, at the same time to start a DVR for recording, if the camera with pan/tilt, you can manage platform control on cloud platform rotation to set good presets. "Shenzhen Ying Deko digital co., Ltd. General Manager points out that migration.

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VoicePrint new technology automatically recognize judgments speaker features

Speaker recognition of research began in the 1930s.

As research tools and tools for continuous improvement, speaker recognition of gradually freed early simple ear listening mode. Bell Labs L • G • Kesta used Visual observation of the spectrogram method to be identified and put forward the "voice" concept. Our voice identification technology started relatively late, late 1980s, the Ministry of public security II (now the Ministry of public security identification centre) was introduced in the United States, conducting sound spectrometer DSP5500 VoicePrint's practice of scientific research and check-in. In 1992, the Ministry of public security identification Center completed the Ministerial key topics the 5500 spectrography in VoicePrint on application of law, 2001, the Centre of the national scientific and technical key project, 1995, the VoicePrint key technologies and speaker recognition system "passed acceptance, developed with independent intellectual property rights to the workstation, VS99 speech marks my voice identification technology matures.

"VoicePrint identification and automatic identification technology research" project by the Ministry of public security identification centres and other units, its main research achievements is the voice recognition function implantation VS99 voice workstation, the system can perform automatic speaker feature analysis, judgement and language map display and measurement, and can be combined with the expertise to identify the speaker, suitable for the practical application of forensic science.

This project developed a current VoicePrint work very practical set acoustic spectroscopy and speaker recognition system as one of the voice workstation, greatly improves the accuracy of the conclusions, as VoicePrint provides a practical system.

Innovative technology:

1. robust processing

Noise on the impact of the results is a key issue.

In this system for non-stationary noise, researchers made use of even-numbered frames section of the main components of input hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a combination of time orientation smoothing of SS methods to increase noise Chinese continuous speech recognition system robust method to achieve better recognition results.

2. speech endpoint detection

Endpoint detection can prevent the noise caused by the malfunction and the noise caused by incorrect identification, for accurate detection of speech signal of starting, such as improving the accuracy of the recognition system is significant.

Using the traditional voice activity detector SAD voice activated very easily lead to undetected. In addition, a large, interfering signal may be used at the beginning of the activation of the voice, speech virtual check is activated. To overcome this shortcoming, the researchers used a voice activated based on correlation detector, defines a valid correlation function, found the judge set the threshold, and prevent undetected and virtual testing methods.

3. recognition algorithm

This system is based on GMM model optimization algorithm.

(1) improvement of GMM's model training methods

Experiments find em algorithm exists a singular matrix of major flaws, and maximum likelihood (ML), while the recognition rate is relatively low, but not singular matrix.

Therefore researchers using maximum likelihood estimation (ML) income model for the initial model, and then use the EM algorithm for each step of the model by α value controls the ratio to be amended, as improved EM algorithm.

(2) based on genetic algorithm GMM model optimization algorithm

Researchers on traditional genetic algorithms have been improved for GMM parameter optimization, greatly improving the model optimization.

(3) GMM speaker recognition methods of optimization

Researchers presented a new optimized based on GMM speaker recognition programme, the programme through the first a pronunciation corresponds to a model of the likelihood of making a particular change and then calculate the syllable overall likelihood degrees, also is the syllable on should the total of the scoring model, as Sc, and maximum Sc belongs models speaker is the target speaker.

Social benefits:

Currently, the Ministry of public security identification Center complete the national "ninth five-year research results VS99 voice workstation is already in the country, in the actual case handling has played an important role.

The item is in adding of VS99 automatically determine the functionality to further improve the efficiency of case handling and identification of accuracy.

The project developed the VoicePrint identification system has completely independent intellectual property rights, practicality, very suitable for the practical needs of police work, in the investigation of numerous suspects for troubleshooting, you can effectively provide detection direction, narrow the scope of investigation, improve work efficiency.

At the same time the system has a language functions in Figure display real-time, applies to actions in the technology of voice signal acquisition. Since 2002, the actual inspection, identification of cases, case type 200 including criminal, economic, civil, public security cases. From closed feedback and the results of the trial, was sentenced to 100%.

2006 China RFID industry in retrospect and prospect

In 2006, the last day of the inventory year RFID industry in the course of development.

In "the eleventh five-year plan" for the first year of the development policy and planning have been introduced, leading RFID industry along independence, innovation, open and healthy order development, technological innovation and application of rendering in the cocoon of the RFID industry is out of the chaos, meet the dawn.

【 RFID radio frequency Express, December 31, 2006 zhuangao 】 us in 2006, the last day of the inventory year RFID industry in the course of development.

In "the eleventh five-year plan" for the first year of the development policy and planning have been introduced, leading RFID industry along independence, innovation, open and healthy order development, technological innovation and application of rendering in the cocoon of the RFID industry is out of the chaos, meet the dawn.

RFID requires technical need ROI models

A Western scholar said: "the Chinese need the Nobel Prize winners, but more need to Bill * Gates".

This sentence is also in the 2006 China RFID industry get should permit. Technology is absolutely essential, but in the initial application of RFID chaotic period, need someone to design a clear return on investment for RFID. Many potential users of the CIO or RFID has been familiar to the concept of RFID, which is also from this year and dozens of RFID exhibition, seminars in confirmation, prior to the show last year, RFID Forum participants are generally talk about RFID principle technology, talk about their products, but this year, the RFID "will air" the universal time less or even no, more time left for the display of products and solutions. But many users on use RFID to, without exception, or a word: expensive.

The fact is it true? see from 2006 on two major enterprise RFID-UBP group and Haier Group a set of numbers: bailian group logistics center using RFID, by picking on frame error rates reduced by 8% to almost 0%, one can use RFID forklift use dry original barcode 5 forklifts of live, manpower, equipment cost reduction, efficiency, efficiency is greatly improved.

Haier special refrigerator production line adopts RFID identification, 20 multiple processes, and time savings from the original 32 seconds to 25 seconds, by an RFID label replaced the original seven bar code and reusable, RFID advantages, no doubt.

In China's retail and manufacturing two leader lead success had a back to the crab, the Chinese enterprise users will be able to eat a little of "assurance", also need RFID technology provider in the RFID project plan carefully planning, meticulous implementation.

Because each enterprise IT infrastructure level, business needs, applications are not all the same. We look back at the entire IT industry, according to the Standish Group survey structure indicates that all IT project only 26% were successful. According to an authoritative survey in China, domestic enterprises ERP project implementation success rate of less than 30%. Many RFID project is built on the enterprise ERP, WMS, SCM, MES, etc. on the basis of IT projects, without the "giant's shoulders" or shoulder is not strong, RFID project launched by the speed and efficacy may also be discounted. Thus, in 2006 in the enterprise to implement RFID projects successful are concentrated in China IT standards better.

2006 national force support

In 2006 as the start of the "eleventh five-year", the national medium-and long-term science and technology platform for the development plan (2006 to 2020), "People's Republic of China national economic and social development, and of a five-year planning framework, and the information industry and technological development" eleventh five-year "plan and 2020 platform for medium-and long-term planning three national planning framework unveiled, sets out the national strategic intent, clear the Government priorities, and further defined the next few years China's automatic identification technology and applications development and industrial innovation strategy.

1, RFID white papers

June 9th, by the Ministry of science and technology in conjunction with the national development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of information industry, Ministry of communications and the General Administration of customs, Ministry of railways, Ministry of public security, Ministry of education, Ministry of construction, Ministry of agriculture and State administration of quality supervision, inspection and quarantine, the Standardization Committee, the national post office, State food and drug administration, for Standardization, China Federation of logistics and purchasing 15 ministries jointly prepared by the Chinese radio frequency identification (RFID) technology policy white paper "official State technology industry policy in the form of a white paper announced, in a spirit of scientific nature and forward-looking and guiding principles, as China RFID technology and industrial development of the next few years to provide systematic Guide.

Technology policy white paper at the earliest from the United States, Clinton advocated the "information superhighway" period, the United States Department of Commerce in 1998-2000 years has released the "EC I, II, III EC EC," this paper for the United States today in e-commerce era leader laid the Foundation.

As China's first time on a single technical policy white paper, but also is the first joint 15 ministries to develop a technical white paper. We have reason to believe that, in the State's support and guidance, along with independent intellectual property rights to the technology and product development, promote the independence and the formation of the RFID industry chain, and the establishment of the enterprise as the main body of the innovation system and China RFID standard system.

2, RFID project support

White papers published, the country in a series of RFID technology projects support program, a firm of independent innovation in the industry.

The national high technology research and development program (863 Program): national 863 plan will focus on China RFID industry development of generic technologies and has a large development potential of forward-looking technology, industrialization of key technologies and application of key technologies, typical industry or Enterprise RF

ID technology demonstration applications and RFID standard basic research on the five key directions for RFID technology and application research

DRC: first half of the national development and Reform Commission on RFID industry support for the project, three companies eventually became the NDRC RFID industry's commitment to support the project.

3 GB for

RFID standards has always been the focus of our industrial argument of one of the problems.

This includes the determination of the UHF frequency, and RFID "China standards" are two major problems. The former is uncertain, the latter even more interesting this year on how to deal with. As the article numbering Center Director Zhang Cheng Hai, how to deal with ISO and EPC and RFID standard system is the relationship between the development of China RFID industry should address one of the important issues.

In the open environment of China's RFID standards, you need to have a higher starting point and independent of the technology.

Actively involved in ISO and EPC standards system, revised work, participation by substantive Chinese demand and innovation content reflect the international standard system, the revision process, reflect the national interest demands, and occupied some commanding height. At the same time, there is also a need to emphasize is that standard-setting work and not just the Government, and also enterprises, third-party's active participation in the establishment of standards working mechanisms for collaborative interaction. In July this year, China, Korea and the delegation on the standardization of inspection visits, in standard policy, South Korea and China attaches great importance to the standards ISO/EPCglobal, emphasizing the use of international standards for meeting their participation in global trade, achieving interoperability is of major significance.

Independent standards can give China bring considerable interest, it is clear from the development of standards in terms of technology, have to admit that China really lack of RFID key technologies, such as chip manufacturing, etching process, this antenna will require that we refer to the EPC or ISO standard.

China to develop standards and Gen 2 and ISO 18000-6B compatible also no one can give a clear answer on technology.

From countries of several large initiatives can be seen, the country is determined to develop proprietary RFID standards.

However, the restrictions place no means success, you also need to withstand the market test, enterprises in practical application will encounter difficulties and obstacles, independent standards will follow continuous improvement. In short, there are standards far better than no standard: no standard, many enterprises is watching, waiting for; there are standards, the enterprise will have the confidence to the RFID industry, will be more conducive to the promotion of China's RFID and healthy development.

06 years China RFID industry technical innovation in the initial year

From the Government level, countries under foot strength to develop RFID industry, the most typical proof is the State 863 plan (earnest), white (clear and straightforward development platform), practical policy planning and real support for the project, the State in the promotion of enterprise development body, the spirit of innovation and integrated innovation, enterprises, Government, industry, academia, research, with the combination of the development model, guide enterprises to the RFID industry is pushed into the fast lane.

In technology research, adhere to independent and innovative spirit, focusing on the development of RFID industry development of generic technologies and has a large development potential of forward-looking technology, industrialization of key technologies and application of key technologies, typical industry or Enterprise RFID technology demonstration applications and RFID standards in five key directions based on RFID technology and application research.

06 years, China's RFID core technology breakthrough progress, there has been a series of domestic RFID tags, readers, packaging, equipment, and other proprietary RFID products, for example, Shanghai Jing Rui Electronics Co., Ltd. to design my first Gen2 chip, Shenzhen Hui Tian industrial co., Ltd. in Shenzhen on display at the independent research and development of the first high-performance automatic RFID packaging equipment and electronic label Proofer. At the same time, China RFID industry in the areas of middleware technology also made good progress. In the standard-setting side, the State is committed to publishing industry standards and national standards for the healthy development of industry and technology promotion. There are rules to draw RADIUS. On 1 December this year, the animal RFID code official structure of State standards, this standard provides animal RFID process binary animal code structure, in favor of the animal management sector coordination, implementation and management, to further strengthen the animal management provides a solid basic guiding principles.

I believe that good policy 06 annual interest of the proper guidance, our country will in RFID technology research and standards development, the success of breakthrough builds proprietary technology industry chain and the healthy development of sustainable development.

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06 years China RFID industry practical year

Throughout the year and the actual application, the State take paper planning fell to the letter, into practical application.

RFID radio frequency Express select six representative industries, so we look at the six major areas of RFID applications.

First of all, in national security, China's Government is based on RFID technology for the second generation of citizen ID card scheme and related system configuration works in 08 years ago will finish around 9 million pieces of second generation card full replacement work.

In urban management, Shanghai Municipal People's Government at the end of this year completed a 100 000 chemicals cylinders of the electronic label identifies the work, through the application of RFID technology on gas cylinders for effective monitoring and management, thereby effectively has strengthened its focus on people's lives and property security, avoid counterfeit products to enterprises and masses of potential losses, improve the related enterprise's production, logistics management and efficiency.

Shandong, Hebei provinces have begun to RFID for dangerous goods management.>

In terms of logistics, transport, shanghaibailianjituan subordinate UBP distribution co., Ltd. logistics distribution center successfully implement RFID warehouse management system project, improved supply chain management efficiency and transparency, to retail, logistics and distribution industry in warehouse business models, processes, efficient management brings revolutionary change.

Shanghai international port (Group) co., Ltd. will RFID for Shanghai to Yantai port of domestic sea containers.

In the electronic ticket, the guangshen railway use of RFID electronic ticket out off the traditional paper ticket.

RFID electronic ticket is not easy to forge, and rechargeable, very simple and quick. Guangshen line in practical and convenient public transportation, but also effective against a ticket fraud and other illegal activities. In addition, based on RFID technology campus one-card shadow pass more and more in our College, campus, from IC to smart RFID card of evolution, have made it perfectly clear that RFID is being more and more people are understanding and acceptance.

In the field of animal identification, 2006 there are two main direction is the animal identification RFID application in landmark case-the pigs and dogs of electronic chip management.

Shanghai "shopping basket" projects using RFID electronic tags, set up by the pig farms, slaughterhouses and wholesale trading chain, consisting of all pork out warehouse prior to automatic identification by radio frequency "identity", if you have problems information immediately back into the central system, thus allowing further food safety is guaranteed. Jiangsu Province all pigs in 07 years have to be replaced with a new "identity card" – pig ear tag, in order to guarantee the security gateway that didn't wear ear tag of pigs are not permitted to slaughter, transport, slaughter, shall issue a quarantine certificate. Now, China Beijing, Shanghai, Sichuan, Chongqing 4 provinces have begun to RFID pilot work. The dog class pets electronic chip management is concerned, following a successful application in Shanghai, there are multiple cities also launched a pilot and a formal application work and achieved good results.

In asset management, is a typical representative of China international marine containers (Group) co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as cimc) successful application of RFID system tracking Management container products case, set the labor-intensive work into highly automated management, implements a group of "improving the efficiency of the global supply management, reduce the cost of the asset management of the development goals."

06 years China RFID industry development driving force conversion year

Industry-driven by Government rigidly promotion, Government-led gradually shifted to enterprises active application; passive implementation steering the future development of the active application situation on display.

06 years is in the cocoon of China RFID industry year

In national macro-grasp by the enterprise positive participation of China RFID industry's unified, open, orderly, and competitive market environment is gradually taking shape, and enterprise according to their own advantages of reasonable transition to the sustainable development of the entire industry laid a solid foundation.

In 2006, our specialized national goods coding Standardization Technical Committee to strengthen our country's goods coding standard unified centralized management, improvement of goods coding standard system construction.

In 2006, the State of the RFID industry (Shanghai) base unveiling in Zhangjiang.

In 2006, China standardization mission to Japan and Korea to visit, positive learning experiences of other countries, to reviews, tapping own jade.

In 2006, in "the eleventh five-year plan" within the framework of accelerating the use of RFID technology for Guangdong logistics and customs facilitation.

In 2006, Xiamen and Shanghai trial NFC mobile payment security, a new mobile payment into prominence.

In 2006, RFID gradually erase "Mythos" color, more approachable.

In addition to and in people's lives are closely related to food safety, the next supermarket and pet identification management, completion of the new library to open up and give people a more relevant experience, the new Museum in the National Library of early adopters of RFID technology, you can borrow books, self help books also, self-help sorting, automatic collation bent, self winding code collection, smart libraries and RF anti-theft alarm.

In 2006, Haier special refrigerator Division to establish successful application of RFID technology is based on single commodities information product quality tracking and traceability management system, and in the same year to join the EPCglobal, a positive move closer to the international organizations, in occupies a place.

Just RFID end-users, Haier launched with RFID identification feature Olympic smart refrigerators, the RFID intelligent recognition experience personal consumer oriented terminal into the field of intelligent home appliances.

06 years is China RFID technology conversion market convergence,

The world is flat "The World Is Flat" destined to become the 2006 economic globalization topic most hot topic.

The world is flat "a book, also talked RFID to changes brought about by the world. Deep China RFID industry in global competition, thinking is "agents of foreign advanced products" or "independent technology research and development, is to select" new UHF, surface wave technology application or application for high frequency technology to discover, like with Yang e Mr. Woo Takashi Chen said: "(China) China will be the Global RFID value the highest single area, opposite will be the worst of RFID battle! "

06 years beginning the RFID HF and UHF put on the market "Highland" for Opera's curtain, around HF and UHF in China's development trend, the industry also has a different sound.

The experts believe that in the next 2-3 years, technology will occupy the main EPCGen2.

With the continuous development of RFIDGen2 technology and technical superiority of — the encoding standard, reasonable price, UHF and practical application experience, China appears large application Gen 2 technology developmentPotential.

Although it is not possible to conclude that the only UHF RFID is the future trend of development, but in the UHF strengthen safety performance requirements, high frequency RFID application areas will be further reduced, UHF RFID applications are more spacious.

The second view: in 2007, even in 2008, the high-frequency will be the mainstream development, especially in closed-loop applications, many domestic SMEs most likely to be lucrative products.

UHF in part or many large enterprises expand the influence of weapons, by virtue of their own strength to do publicity, promotion, pilot projects, and so on; RFID, UHF and certain enterprises for risk into signs, good prospects, rich application, if the pie picture good, no doubt, many investors will be attracted.

Some experts believe that in the next 2 to 3 years, high frequency will continue in many areas there is a new application; UHF while attracting more companies entering the RFID, but its application is still the Government and a strong promotion of large enterprises, many overseas success stories and experience, in addition, the solution to the current existing technical bottlenecks and problems of China's RFID standards without delay.

2007RFID industry trend

RFID radio frequency Express, the Outlook for 2007, summed up the 2007 China RFID industry in eight major trends:

1. the national 863 Program and the local Government of industry support program, make China RFID industry development has been a qualitative leap, greatly promote the rapid and healthy development of industry.

2. in 2007, our preliminary studies is gradually turned to practical application, the project also points to surface gradually spread.

3. Government-led, business needs gradually reveal and further clarity.

Potential application of industry-leading large enterprises would be the first to use RFID.

4. the entire industry is still in accumulation and front-load stage.

5.RFID gradually erase "Mythos" color, more civilians: after years of advocacy and accumulation, people become more familiar with and understand the characteristics and the electronic label.

China's overall RFID passive application situation will be overwritten, have gradually become enterprise governmental push/personal initiative.

6. with the EPCGen 2 technology, logistics and supply chain needs of foreign trade and industry on the importance of further deepening of knowledge, in the next 1-3 years, China will be a large number of Gen 2 RFID system.

7.RFID will be a "omitted" era? with e-ink technology, printed antenna, plastic semiconductor circuits, and other technology advances and breakthroughs, RFID tags can be skipped past times, direct access to the electronic age by bar code printing times.

RFID radio frequency Express is expected in 2007, China RFID industry and package printing industry has a more in-depth cooperation and Exchange, to break through the bottleneck of RFID application costs.

8.RFID domestic packaging production line will start.

Customer demand for RFID tags to low price as the most important factors, all major chip manufacturers to adapt to the market's low price requirements, seek cooperation with the local resources of China, the strap and Inlay package processing move to mainland China (finished).

Olympic security is inseparable from the independent and continuous technological innovation

Official site, 5 rising recently, BOCOG Security Minister Liushaowu in accepting the official website of the Olympic Games, said in an exclusive interview with a suitable for Beijing and current police work, and the current quality and ability of the police close together in Olympic security technology information system will be applied at the Beijing Olympics.

Liushaowu said that Beijing Olympics security work is applied and technological equipment, from a long-term science and technology Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau police with the results of the work.

Olympic security technology construction got Olympic security coordination team attaches great importance to the independence of the preparation of the Beijing Olympics technology overall system. On the one hand, rely on the public security organs original scientific and technological information of ability and level; at the same time relying on the defence industrial and technological information for the military industry's top enterprise; it also draws on the successful experience of the Olympic Games. Finally, independent of the design, development, construction and application of a set of suitable for Beijing and current police work, and the current quality and ability of the police close together in Olympic security technology information system, this system reflects Beijing Olympics security work with characteristics and a high level. (Mr Tommy)

IP network when single-step video surveillance territory? (1)

"To meet growing demand and the old system updates," referring to the security system of the biggest challenges when ADI DSP Department industrial video and imaging solutions Product Manager Michael Long told EEWORLD.

ADI DSP Department industrial video and imaging solutions Product Manager Michael Long

Although equipped with a digital camera's IP network system is the best choice.

As everyone knows, the realization of such a system needs to be already laying of coaxial cable into an Ethernet CAT5 cable. Cost of upgrading will undoubtedly hindered progress. The short term, the original some monitoring system will continue to use the DVR for functional extensions.

However, based on the IP network system will occupy the entire market.

IP network in some key areas (such as airports, government buildings and new buildings, etc.) in the laying of the continuously improved. Compared to European and American market, the China market in line with the deployment of standards-based IP security monitoring application ratio will be even greater.

IP network evolution trilogy

There will be more network deployed from a centralized coaxial cable network steering system based on IP network.

Prior to this, Chinese video monitoring market experienced an analog monitor, digital monitoring and network monitoring three major phases. Analog monitoring as in image quality, monitoring scope has a larger scope of limitations and the market. However it is easy to deploy, easy to use and has a price advantage. Digital surveillance following the simulation control after the image quality, save time, and reliability are significantly improved. Currently, digital surveillance has become a leading overall firmly in the video surveillance market for video surveillance solution. For reasons of protection of both the purpose of investment, a significant part of the user often has to build video monitoring system based on the upgrade project using analog-mixed digital video surveillance solutions. "1.5 generation" video surveillance is China video monitoring market specific stage. Since the Chinese Government in infrastructure of inputs and lots of new building completed in China in the next few years will continue to be the video surveillance equipment innovation centre. The Expo will be a new opportunity for new technologies to practical application and practice, the upgrading of technology will be a very good promotion. Forced to reduce pressure on the export of domestic equipment manufacturers will be more services in the domestic security engineering. Network (IP) technology and intelligent will become more and more obvious.

In addition, the end consumers, in fact, IP surveillance networks are becoming increasingly "smart", as the product of replacement, more intelligence is in the central control and monitoring centre extends to the camera.

This trend means that the system can provide more functionality, and is expected to reduce labour costs. And the Center for intelligent, distributed intelligence enables the user to be able to establish an image for each node in order to achieve the environmental rules to detect, zoom, Pan, and monitor images zoom. Then, this information can be shared to the central monitor and other node to efficiency of the whole system. All types of video surveillance equipment for all kinds of video analysis algorithms (such as target detection and tracking, intrusion detection) as well as audio analysis algorithms (such as a specific sound detection and location) needs are growing.

Although the Chinese market maturity relative to global market slightly lacking, however, the Chinese market in overall demand, the growth rate has more opportunities for development.

In addition, because the video surveillance market deployment infrastructure is relatively small, so the speed of the switching technology, the more advantages, IDC said. [1] [2]

Practical security products is expected to have to enter the home security market (1)

With the deepening of reform and opening up and the rapid development of economy and rural areas, urban mobility, bring community many unstable factors, the order situation has become increasingly acute in criminal cases, particularly in rooms such as theft, robbery case rate increase.

Therefore, the relevant State departments put forward on comprehensive governance of social security, and to create safe and civilized community as one of the important content. At the same time, in order to further standardize the intelligent construction residential communities, Ministry of construction in particular developed intelligent community level standard, in accordance with the require smart communities must have security, information management, property management, information networks and other subsystems. Therefore, community security system has been gradually integrated into many community construction of the project, with Shenzhen region, for example, almost all new residential buildings are pre-installed home security system, and to prohibit the installation of network security, and more spending heavily in Guangzhou to dismantle alarm network, its security features are necessarily transfer to the electronic anti-theft system. Therefore, the residential community security system construction in the next few years there will be rapid growth, and also from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other developed city to the coast and the Mainland. This article from home security alarm equipment and intelligent alarm two facets, hope to be able to communicate with you!

Home security alarm equipment

Urban and rural new residence can no longer install anti-theft window, which has been recognized by many local government and issued a document notice reserved Windows after what economical and practical means of security, this is the intelligent housing community of designers, product manufacturers, real estate developers have to face an important subject.

Optional door electronic anti-theft measures are:

1. dual function anti-theft window — this anti-theft window with the window glass breakage alarm and alarm dual function is turned on.

Every Windows cost only several tens of meters, plus cable or wireless transmission equipment prices, ratio of the window installation burglar's low cost 10-20 times.

This anti-theft window is passive conductive film coated with adhesion to glass edges and pressure in the window frame, without scratches the glass and the influence of wind and rain.

Glass surface can be seen as a wire, through the double contact contact switch access cable to transmit alarm system embedded pipelines around doors and Windows, the user can't see any alarm device, push-pull plastic window or balcony of sliding doors, glass installation to steel plastic window, combined with good security part of the settings.

2. Security glass — residential communities in the most sensitive to security is one of each building to the second floor window of the household, they both have natural lighting and ventilation needs, but also to prevent thieves from entering.

As part of science and technology create an, one approach is the window glass with a layer of armored film to glass in broken fragments are not immediately and can generate alarm signals. Another better way is to use a sledgehammer or bullets are not breaking new glass material, neither effects lighting and security, but expensive.

3. Windows and doors with magnetic switch-doors and Windows in General is the thief to into the rooms enhacing, must be able to alarm the first line of Defense.

Reed switches is a reliable and inexpensive alarm equipment, indoor emergency alarm button, you can provide the most basic protection. Specific practices are fixed on the window frame or frames in the Active Setup switches, doors and Windows of the corresponding location on the installation of the magnet, has embedded type, surface paste-type and other installation methods, suitable for steel, wood, plastic-steel doors and Windows of precaution, the price is low, good reliability, but a single function.

4. glass breakage alarm — glass breakage alarm is usually installed on the wall or ceiling, is the use of glass broken ultrasonic to sensing.

There is a corner of the window, the use of glass breaking vibration for active sensors. Due to the sound of glass breaking and interior glass broken, phone, alarm clock, hot water bottles-ming, outdoor knocking at the door, whistle, motors and other sounds are difficult to distinguish, as the need to adopt computer feature voice recognition technology, software, control of CAIR's DSP technology, to distinguish the true from the false alarm. Israel Visonic company, United States DetectionSystems company, C & K companies have a good product, installation is also very convenient, for important and quiet indoor guard.

5. direction-curtain infrared detector

Screen curtain infrared detector, also called e-gate curtain curtain window or "electronic curtains", it applies to doors and Windows and balcony.

In the inner side of doors and Windows to install of the electron beam can replace the iron gate seal of doors and Windows, once it was broken and people through this 60cm electron beam, will now generate an alert.

This kind of dual passive infrared detectors use a direction analysis technique, performed by the microprocessor, fuzzy analysis control and recovery: narrow-band technology, when it is received within the detection range from external intrusion of signals, such as intruders from window climbing or enter from the door, the police immediately; but when the occupants in the indoor activities, but does not trigger the alarm.

If mounted on the roof terrace, you can distinguish it from the House Master not discriminating burglar alarm intrusion from the terrace and alarm, eliminates the household "fortification" and "disarm" and easy to produce false positives. Installation in high office, can prevent 2.5m wide regional long 6m lmX, the underlying domestic peace on the top floor of the top should be installed.

6. passive infrared fence-detector

This detector installation height 4m, 12 ~ 100m distance, there is less than the width of the lm 0.5m or two differential beam, in the South of ambient temperature and the temperature close to the human body, the passive infrared differential ability is poor, it is suitable for Northern environment temperature and body temperature difference larger areas of application, especially for single detached villa wall of protection.

Intelligent alarm

Intelligent alarm system is not a separate, isolated to reflect various physical quantities and status changes, but is comprehensively, from the relationship between them and the changes in the characteristics of the process to analysis and judgment, and thus concluded that the real detection results.

This requires the security system and detector has humanized design, with mimic human thinking of analysis and judgement features such as analog and alarm system is to analyze the various detectorThe relationship between the measurement results (time, frequency and rate, order, spatial distribution, etc.) to make a determination of whether the alarm. Video motion detector of adaptive system not simply set the threshold, and the integration of environmental factors as a background, on the basis of this analysis to target, to reduce false alarms.

[1] [2]

ATM machine intelligent monitoring technology to achieve proactive alerts in advance

Community on the ATM machine of crime not uncommon, traditional monitoring alarm technology cannot be screened for ATM crime of abnormal behavior.

The reporter learned from Beijing science and Technology Commission, a "self-service ATM crime intelligence monitoring key technology forewarning" topic recently passed the acceptance, experts believe that the new development of ATM crime smart monitoring and early warning technology filled the gap significantly improve ATM machine security capacity, reduce ATM crime rate.

According to the briefing, research group for ATM crime common keyboard foil, card of illegal modification, knocking out chaokou encapsulation, ATM machine, and so only violence, illegal advertising and misleading information posted behaviour, targeted development of intelligent behavior recognition device.

The ATM machine scenario of normal and abnormal behavior detection, to determine whether the conduct of some persons are abnormal behavior actions, and timely delivery to the ATM machine monitoring center, prompt information in real time. The device also has articles forgotten recognition feature may be timely to voice mode on withdrawals for the reminder. The successful development, from traditional passive "ex-post verification" proactive "prior warning" leap, will greatly improve the security of the ATM machine. Currently the device is already in Beijing, Chongqing, Qinghai provinces and promotional applications.

According to statistics, national ATM machine tenure 22.16 million units, and an annual growth rate of 10%, Beijing tenure of ten thousand ATM machine, the device's extensive application, which can effectively guarantee the safe operation of ATM machines, the subject of the research results can also be extended to air radiation, sports events, parking management, military, and other important occasions, effectively assist security, terrorism, security, sports events and objective evaluation, and other behavior, thereby promoting the security industry technology to intelligent direction.

Grating four sub-frequency circuit analysis and design of the module

Summary: presents a new raster displacement sensor 4 Sub-frequency circuit design method. the use of programmable logic devices (CPLD) has designed a new segmentation module, using Verilog HDL language to write four multiplier segmentation, identification and counting module program, and simulation. simulation results show that, compared with traditional methods, new design for short development cycle, high integration, modular and easy to modify.

Keywords: grating displacement sensors; four multiplier subdivision; programmable logic devices (CPLD)

Grating sensor is based on the moire measuring sensor, to improve its measurement resolution on raster output signal processing is a necessary link broken. in practice, usually four multiplier methods to improve positioning accuracy £ ® four multiplier circuit and sentenced to the circuit is designed as a whole, as four multiplier and sentenced to four circuit. to achieve the multiplier circuit structure, but in application discovery, because some four multiplier circuit of precision or stability is not high, so that the sensor performance degradation. authors of several common four multiplier circuit, on the basis of the application for a different, designed two different four multiplier circuit scheme and on the two programmes of structural and use methods were compared and simulation.

1 four multiplier circuit design principles

Grating sensor output 2 channel phase difference as A square wave signal by 90 and B. as shown in Figure l, A, B, both confident pulse number represents the amount of displacement of grating, marking the grating at the forward and reverse movement 4 multiplier of signal, the counter counts back into the relative position of the counting process generally-in two ways: first, the internal timer counter by microprocessor for count; the second is the realization of reversible counters on the forward and reverse pulse count.

　　

　　

Grating signals A, b has the following relationships.

① When grating forward movement, raster output of A signal phase advance B phase 90, in a cycle, two believe, a total of 4 times relative changes: 00 → 10 → 11 → 01 → 00. Thus, if you change every occurrence, realizing an up-down counter will increase the count, a cycle of 4 plus can be achieved, thus achieving positive count go status four times the frequency counts.

② When grating reverse move, raster output of A signal phase lag in signal 90 B, then a period of two to believe, there are 4 relative changes: 00 → 11 01 → → → 00 10. Similarly, if you change every occurrence, realizing CNTR will reduce count at a time, in a cycle, a total of 4 times reduction can be achieved, the count for reverse

Status four times the frequency counts.

③ When line disruption or failure, there may be other State conversion process, this counter is not counting operation.

The above analysis, it is possible to make the processing module state transition diagram (see Figure 2), where the "+" and "-" to indicate counter plus/minus 1, "0" indicates that the counter is not an action.

　　

　　

2 traditional analog circuit segment

Traditional double frequency count circuit shown in Figure 3, which consists of grating signal detection circuit, identified the location of the broken circuit, 3-part count circuit. grating signal detection circuit consists of a phototransistor and comparators LM339 composition. from grating moire irradiation to the phototransistor Ta and Tb, their output signals to two LM339 comparator are inputting port, a signal from an LM339 output voltage Ua, Ub plastic evacuation to identify to the circuit, the data entry chip-7495-Dl receive Ua, Ub, D0 received by SCM received pulse ALE-supplied. and then signal through and Y1, Y2 and door or gate E1, E2, E3, consisting of the circuit to be 2 tablets 74193 concatenation of 8-bit counter. SCM by P1 port receives 74193 output 8-bit data, resulting in a raster position.

　　

　　

Use these designs, often need to add more programmable counter circuit components numerous, complex structures, and power consumption increases, decreases stability.

3 the grating based CPLD, four segments identified to the design of the circuit and counter

Using CPLD grating sensor signal processing diagram shown in Figure 4, Figure 3, the three parts of the simulation of logic circuits full integration in a CPLD chips, achieve high integrated. working site of interference signals allows the grating output waveform distortion, pulse signal through 40106 Schmitt trigger, and RC filter shaping and then fed into the CPLD, CPLD on pulse signal counts and sentenced to and enter data into internal registers.

　　

　　

3.1 CPLD chips choice

ALTERA CPLD chips use the company's MAX7000 family of products, the chip has EPM7128S high impedance, electrically erasable, in system programming, and other characteristics, available gates to 2 500, PIN between the maximum delay is 5 μ s working voltage of + 5 V. simulation platform with ALTERA Corporation Q U A R T U S Ⅱ development design.

Distinguishing four 3.2 subdivision and the circuit

Four segments and identify the module logic circuit as shown in Figure 5, using global clock crystal oscillator produces 10MB CLK, assuming that signal A ahead of representatives indicates that the grating when B towards a direction of movement, A lagging B says gratings in the opposite direction signal B mobile .A, respectively the first level after the trigger becomes A D ', B ' signal, then by

A second level D after becomes A trigger ", B" signal to trigger signal .D plastic, eliminates input signals of sharp pulse effect on subsequent multiplier circuit no longer use the original signal A, B, improving system performance in four times the frequency of the circuit, using combination of sequential logic devices on A ' B ', A "B" signal for logical combinations of two-channel output pulse: when A ahead of B, ADD the count pulse, MIMUS maintain high level; on the contrary, when A lagging B, ADD a high level, MINUS to minus count pulse.

　　

　　

Comparative figure 5 and Figure 2 you see that a new design method using the number of the device significantly reduced compared to traditional methods, so the power consumption significantly reduced module-system wiring in chip internal implementation, anti-interference. due to the use of a programmable logic devices, system modifications and upgrades only need to modify the associated program statements, and needless redesign hardware circuit and the production of printed circuit board, allowing system upgrades and maintenance convenience greatly increases.

4 four multiplier circuit simulation module for subdividing

Figure 2 shows the State transition diagram, use HDL Verilog hardware description language to describe the circuit features, programming ideas for A, B a time signal values of status as a state judge flag state, and placed in registers, when A prestate. B any status change, the state value is changed, this time the state value is compared to the time of prestate, the can under A, B two pulse relative change of status to determine the count value of plus or minus, that db counter output value of plus or minus sign.

The simulation results as shown in Figure 6. when the signal A jump ahead along the B, count value db forward count; when A jump along the lagging B, count value db reverse count £ ® the db to the segmentation, analysis, count set to better achieve the grating segmentation capabilities.

Comparative figure 3 and Figure 5 you can see, using FPGA design signal processing modules, design process and circuit structure more concise. Furthermore, in application note FPGA clock cycle should be less than the 1 grating signal pulse/4.

5 conclusions

① new design method of simple structure, high integration, than the traditional design of the device significantly reduced.

② integration design makes the system power consumption reduction, enhanced immunity to.

③ Verilog HDL design circuit used to change the circuit structure only need to modify the program, and system maintenance and upgrades of portability improve.

Shenzhen library RFID technology application and in-depth analysis

The spacious open-frame-book world, convenient self-help borrowing system, precise locating navigation ...

Walk into Shenzhen new library of every human being, is it elegant spacious environment with advanced technology applications attract. News on the Director of the library and Technology Center in Shenzhen sublibrarian conducted interviews with attempts from user perspective to explore the RFID tags in China deep-seated problems.

Technology and user industries in close connection with the

Gan officer indicated that there are prospects of RFID is, at present, the most important question is how will RFID and sectors of application.

Shenzhen library decided to adopt RFID project before, after three years of study, research, tracking, combined with their own research, and finally to the Government in the form of an open tender to determine the supplier.

Finally, France of TAGSYS company successful.

The survey, it is not difficult to find TAGSYS and Shenzhen library exactly between the existence of a corresponding point, namely, whether the user of the trade and business characteristics, to the needs of users for a "tailor-made".

Shenzhen library originally set in the tender for a "threshold": all participate in the auction business, must have 15 libraries independently implemented user, and at least one home to achieve more than one million copies. As regards the breakdown of the RFID world leader, with Shenzhen library RFID project before, self-charging TAGSYS readers had to scale equivalent United States Seattle Public Library RFID system was built and run successfully. This description of TAGSYS on the library profession has a considerable degree of understanding, it is able to provide more library users to "fitness" of design to beat competitors.

The adoption of the ISO series standards

At present, many manufacturers are using RFID tags, you are in a wait state, one of the main reasons is the lack of technical standards.

Compared to domestic developments, many technologies has an international trend of domestic procedure, some industry standard is the international first in the domestic produce.

Our national standards in development, often considered the international standard for resolving compatibility problems. To facilitate product and equipment replacement and upgrade.

Shenzhen library in technology standards, the use of some of the current internationally accepted standards.

For example, the use of RFID tag primarily uses passive tags 13.56MHz band, the appropriate uses for this band of international standard ISO18000, 15693, etc.

In addition, the library also requires the use of labels, to meet our electromagnetic emission and the relevant provisions of the radio management and standards.

As the public, the Museum also offers RF tags to reduce harmful radiation.

For many businesses concerned about cost, Shenzhen library was in ensuring the quality and control costs as much as possible.

Coupled with vendors for the Shenzhen library demonstration effect and potential market very seriously, library usage of RFID tags is very large, reaching nearly two million copies, so the cost is relatively low.

RFID label brings substantial benefits

Gan Director describes the library using RFID tags, in the settlement on library business bottlenecks, improve service levels, etc., are all brought many benefits.

For example, Shenzhen library by applying RFID tags for self-help borrowing system, 12 July 2006 opening to 8 August, a month's time, the opening half a day every day, the number of library lending has reached 13.8 million copies, of which 52% i.e. 71,000 book borrowing and returning via the self-service system.

This greatly reduces the workload of staff, the reader is also very convenient. More by reader self-help and autonomous manner, to achieve a more interactive, personalized services.

In addition, the library also uses RFID tags in the structure of an accurate positioning system, readers from book retrieval system found a book in the Museum's resource devices can easily navigate to the reader, the reader into the deposit book place directly through to find books literature.

Difficult problems and solutions

Shenzhen RFID library in the building process, the first challenge is a project planning and procurement.

Because the lack of independent mature provide whole set equipment manufacturers need to be introduced from abroad, this project run a certain risk. Shenzhen library after three years of intensive investigation tracking, project planning, design, testing, and demonstration through expert, finally solved this problem.

The second challenge is software development and integration of equipment.

Shenzhen libraries on the application of RFID is a complete application, and the introduction of the various links of the device and each have their own software platform, how to integrate them, and how to make them more in line with their actual situation? Shenzhen library has done a lot of work.

For example, the initial application card does not have a password, the result may appear to borrow books and identification device feel of the document owner is not the same person, resulting in an error record books.

In response, the Shenzhen library itself is encrypted, a solution to this problem.

According to the introduction of Gan, the Museum Director in on some of the innovative RFID, has applied for national patents, also in international patent applications.

In the application of RFID in the process, there is some other problem.

If the label of the loss and damage, etc. Some readers may be curious, will be posted in the book of RFID tags removed, Shenzhen libraries have found and in the trace event, and hope that the statistical probability of it occurring. In addition, a number of books in restitution, RFID tag data unreadable. Library side caused the actively follow upThe causes of these problems, and timely contact with the manufacturers, finding better solutions.

Shenzhen library use RFID technology to build a complete intelligent environment: by tier labels, rack labels, book marking, and reader application card labels, etc., throughout the library to form an RFID receiver and transmitter.

By receiving and transmitting, further positioning, to extend and develop many new features. Gan Director said that the current terms, Shenzhen library of the entire RFID project is a success.

Reporter¡¯s

In the interview process, journalists feel most was, a new technology, a new product is able to successfully promote, and manufacturers on the target user is closely related to the degree of understanding of the market.

Only in-depth understanding and consideration in order to provide users with better service. At the same time, a new technology can be integrated with the industry, the mere suppliers own force, it is very difficult to complete. Users can combine their own business features, explore new technologies and the industry's best combination point, and vendor cooperation, new technologies, new products to bring the benefits of substantive can maximize.

After editing

The view was expressed that the current, RFID could not be widely used in China, both in the lack of industry recognized input-output model, technical standards, but also the relative price of RFID tags.

But in fact, RFID tags, in many cases can be used within the enterprise. Internal loop repeat mode, so that enterprises can enjoy RFID brings the advantages of technology and management, and solve many difficult to solve with the traditional techniques, and challenges can be effectively avoided cost pressure. It is reported that, according to incomplete statistics, even from a global perspective, to date, all the practical application of RFID, is still a closed loop of reuse patterns majority. This may be the current Chinese enterprises to adopt RFID best starting point.

Based on passive optical network technology for video surveillance systems (1)

As modern cities towards the development of multiple functions, increasingly complex urban layout, ground control points have hundreds and hundreds or even thousands, to ensure the functions of the departments in the first time a clear grasp of real-time, high-quality video images, bestowed tension fiber resources.

Also, the city is becoming more powerful and complex functions, relaying cable not only cost an arm and a leg, each party's coordination more difficult. In view of this, how to solve these problems?

In fact, in the telecom operator's FTTH (fiber to the home) construction faced the same problem.

To resolve this problem, give full play to the advantages of fiber-optic bandwidth, resolving fibre resources tension, improves the robustness of the network, telecom carriers chose PON (passive optical network) technology.

However, the operator's PON networks, usually transport Ethernet signal, and if you want to host video surveillance, it can only transmit low-bandwidth compression video signal, there is no guarantee that the video quality.

In order to save the fibre and transmission of high-quality non-compressed video, VPON (Video over PON) a concepts came into being, as a "safe city" monitoring point video access provides a new solution.

The advantages of PON

PON (Passive Optical Network) that is passive optical network.

A passive optical network includes an installation in the central control station of the optical line terminal (OLT), as well as a complete set of installation on the user's premises and optical network unit (ONU). The OLT and ONU between optical distribution network (ODN) contains fiber and passive optical device or coupler.

Passive optical network from Center to the resident network between does not have any active devices, instead the passive optical device plugged into the network, and the entire path through separate optical wavelength of power to guide the flow of transfer.

This substitution allows users no longer need to transport loop of active devices for energy and maintenance savings on the cost of the user. Passive optical device and coupler only to pass and limit the role of light, do not need electricity and information processing, and with unrestricted mean time between failures (MTBF), can reduce maintenance costs.

PON technology advantages mainly reflected in the following areas:

· Optical access network is the best way to accommodate future development of the solution, in particular the PON technology has proven to be the current comprehensive broadband access in a very cost-effective manner.

· Due to the entire light PON technology distribution network is passive, passive optical networks of small and simple.

Compared with copper cable networks, PON can reduce maintenance costs, and run completely avoids interference EMI and lightning.

Passive · PON ONU (optical network unit) without power supply, not only from the power supply of a series of questions, and reliability than active devices.

· Due to the use of passive components, shared fibre transmission media, an entire optical network investment costs low.

· PON to some extent on the use of the transmission system is transparent, it is easier to upgrade.

PON technology has become an industry recognized for fiber to the home (FTTH) preferred programme.

PON technology with point-to-multipoint topology, downlink and uplink respectively by TDM and TDMA manner transmit data. Currently, the telecommunications industry is the major publicity EPON, namely Ethernet encapsulation to achieve fibre broadband PON, households.

[1] [2] [3] [4]

Based on PoE's IP-Camera FIC8120 and design (1)

Introduction

In today's digital era of the Internet, any electronic equipment are efforts to digitize and network development.

The network is closer to us, the network is changing our lives. Monitoring fields also unhesitatingly rapid development towards networking, in which the camera's networking development also overwhelming. [6] IP camera enables remote video surveillance possible, it will change the original distributed simulation of the camera to achieve low cost long distance transmission of a predicament!

To meet the distributed single camera distance transmission needs, modern IP camera must have small bandwidth, high-quality, low cost, low power consumption characteristics.

This system uses digital CMOS Digital imaging sensors, MPEG-4 high compression ratio of VGA/CIF ARM-SoC and Si3401 over Ethernet and Ethernet device controller and the digital real-time network camera solution to meet the present and the future of monitoring requirements.

Overall hardware architecture

The entire system by CMOS video capture, compression, video processing, power over Ethernet and Ethernet data communication, and several parts.

From front-to back-end order after "lens OV7660 → FIC8120-SoC → PoE/Network" and several processing.

According to your requirement, we can choose the appropriate lens group, from the lens Gets the impersonation information is carried out by OV7660 digital capture by the CMOS sensor delivered to subsequent processing component.

1.

FIC8120-SoC related design

FIC8120 is a famous UMC serves under somebody's banner the FARADAY Zhiyuan technology to design a highly integrated, with MPEG4/JPEG video acceleration, low-cost, low power consumption, the SoC ARM922 kernel.

[1]

FIC8120 as system CPU, capture OV7660 [5] output of ITU 656 YUV 4: 2: 2 VGA format digital image signals, and through the AHB DMA to external SDRAM.

At the same time, the transfer-encoding of internal MPEG-4 Codec. Complete coding, after the user selected related processing, send to the output from the ports Ethernet MAC. [1] [2] [3] [4]

TWH9250 radar detection module based on the type of alarm (1)

With the substance of constantly enrich and people's standard of living is increasing rapidly, and people's safety awareness continues to increase, many families and units are installed anti-theft doors and Windows, doors and Windows to ensure the security of personal and property safety has played a positive role. However, like the Treasury, warehouse, laboratory of such important places, relying on simple anti-theft doors and Windows is not enough, you must also install burglar alarm device. Common alarm with infra-red alarm, touch alarm, burglar alarm and magnetic induction alarm, etc.; these common weaknesses burglar alarm is monitoring scope memory in dead ends, as criminals committing provides an opportunity. In order to address the dead angle monitor not problems, using TWH9250 radar detection module [1], designed a new type of Omni-directional microwave alarm no dead ends.

I. composition of burglar alarm

Consider the alarm when the probe to the warning should have a sound and light alarm function, but also on the scene for camera control, so that the design of the circuit structure is used to launch on the subject of cyclic microwave antenna, you should include radar detection module, alarm IC, integrated audio power amplifier circuit, infrared camera control circuit and DC power circuit five parts, the composition of the block diagram shown in Figure 1.

　　

　　

Second, the burglar alarm circuit design

1. detection module TWH9250 introduction

TWH9250 is an innovative radar detection module, the module has the following characteristics:

(1) microwave tube scan launch detection distance;

(2) omni-directional detection; no dead ends

(3) power consumption may be small, battery-powered;

(4) the internal circuit adopts open-collector output terminal with flexible and can be direct drive small relay;

(5) with light kongduan and sensitivity adjustment, meet a variety of occasions;

(6) the external circuit is simple, as long as connected to the ring antenna and Terminal executing agencies, power can work.

TWH9250 module form, pin arrangement and internal circuit function block diagram shown in Figure 2.

Loop antenna transmitting microwave signal form a solid network of microwave warning, when someone in net when walking, volunteers move reflected microwave signals, in which case the microwave generator "circuit will produce as objects move in weak low frequency signal.

The signal level zoom-70dB left, into the Windows comparison circuit voltage and pulse width compared to dual differential circuit. When the confirmation signal voltage amplitude and width are set, the latch circuit to trigger, the trigger signal controlled door to count control circuit for output delay, the delay time is set to 10s and, finally, the last stage power tube collector output. To improve the stability of microwave circuit, circuit of precision, the section of the circuit from 4V and 7V regulator system separate from the power supply. The circuit in the initial power on at the time by the 40s pre stability in order to enter the detection alert, later as long as they do not power off, the circuit at any time at detection status. TWH9250 module working voltage of 12 V. The lead foot function as shown in table 1.

　　

　　

2, alarm IC

In order to issue a similar fire-burglar alarm sound, A2 uses LC246 alarm IC [1], and his first selected sound-that is, 8 foot power (3V), readers if you change the selected sound level, you can obtain other alarm sounds.

[1] [2]

Allegro DC motor controller IC integrated commutation logic

Allegro releases two new automotive grade (temperature and voltage rated) three-phase brushless DC motor controller integrated circuits.

The two control IC with integrated commutation logic that reduces system load of the microprocessor. If necessary, can also be driven directly by microprocessor Hall sensor inputs, the A3930 and A3931 BEMF (without sensor) is a key part of the solution. The controller is used primarily to adopt separation/external n-Channel MOSFET driver with Hall commutation-phase motor vehicles.

On-chip commutation decoder and state machine read three Hall sensor input input (or microprocessor IO output).

In this case, the IC output correct gate drive signal, control six (three at the top, the bottom three in the) three-phase BLDC motor driven external NMOS MOSFET. The IC's other features: 5 V supply voltage for Hall sensors (requires external NPN transistor), integrated charge pump, running on a wide range of battery voltage (5.5 V to 50 V), comprehensive diagnosis and low current quiescent current mode.

Allegro's A3931 is on the basis of the A3930 slightly improved.

A3931 optional pre-registration through the three Hall input control for realization of low-input. The location is set to one of the two brake position, you can know the motor start location. The start condition support all IC using algorithm (such as: no sensor BEMF rectifier programme).

A3930 and A3931 adopt the small scaled high thermal efficiency 48L eLQFP package.

Sincere technology: the glorious return of domestic UHF market

【 Summary 】 recently, Shenzhen sense technology together with Intel, Sirit Inc.-profile debut RFID World 2007 in Dallas, and Intel booth displayed a series based on the UHF RFID R1000 technology products.

Sincere technology Dallas trip and return to the internal market strategy for all sectors of the industry, RFID radio news reporter on the topics of specialized interviewed sincere and technological Mr Feng Jian-Hua, General Manager.

【 RFID radio frequency Express 2007 April 5 rising 】 RFID radio news reporter (hereinafter referred to as RFID radio frequency Express): in this world class United States RFIDWorld Dallas 2007 exhibition, your company is Intel's UHF RFID technology product development application partners, about your future and RFID products in cooperation with Intel, disclose it?

Feng Jian-Hua, General Manager, (hereinafter referred to as Feng): UHF RFID technology without direct contact, one-time read more tag, penetrating strong, multiple read/write, data, memory capacity and for logistics management, transport, mobile e-commerce, national security management has a great significance, such as Intel's many Super company of attention, especially the R1000 was the successful launch of the RFID market is an important step.

Shenzhen sense technology General Manager Mr. Jianhua

Intel Corporation has chosen the sincere technology as a product partner, reflects the sincere technology in UHF RFID technology research and development and market strength, from 2006 began cooperation with Intel, March in the United States RFIDWorld Dallas 2007 International exhibition sense technology successfully introduced RFID with Intel chip miniaturization reader modules multiport reader and integrated reader and other new products, these products will be in the second quarter, successively to invest production.

Sincere technology will now has established good cooperative relations, based on the expansion of bilateral cooperation, the recently introduced internationally leading S1853 multi-function handheld UHF RFID reader (contains features such as Barcode/GPRS) and other uses of UHF RFID reader devices.

RFID radio frequency Express: sincere technology face now China RFID reader market (again for UHF reader market express opinion) have any opinion on the future Chinese reader? (particularly UHF) market prospect view?

Feng: the last couple of years due to Wal-Mart as representative of large retailers to promote the identification and establishment of international standards, radio frequency identification technology has gone through the market began to sprout, eds.

Our whole society using information technology to improve the quality of economic benefit and running situation, automatic identification technology will play a more important role. 2006 June 9th China's science and Technology Department, etc. 15 ministries released a Chinese radio frequency identification (RFID) technology policy white paper, as China RFID technology and industrial development to provide systematic Guide, at the policy and financial support, our country and the world in the next 2 to 5 years will enter large-scale applications.

　　

　　

Shenzhen sense technology as R1000 of UHF RFID Intel technology partners identity profile debut RFIDWorld Dallas 2007 exhibition

With RFID technology in all areas of promotion and application of RFID tag and reader requirements gradually thinning, from e-label read and write distance requirements, can roughly be divided into two categories:

1. the first category automatic recognition system for short-range, on the e-label read and write distance of 10 cm or less, the majority of such system is applied to the cardholder by human actions such as bus IC card toll collection system, the Office personnel access control system, etc.

2. the second category is the e-label read and write distance within a few meters to 10 meters for remote automatic identification systems.

Moving vehicles, baggage on the conveyor belt, the line of the workpiece, movement or move objects, these objects are identified on the label when the identification is not possible to close the reader antenna must distance without affecting its campaign for recognition.

In the meantime to short-range RFID application or the automatic identification system, using low-frequency or high frequency (13.56MHz) e-tag products.

However, due to its UHF have long distance identification and low-cost advantages, the band RFID applications for transport vehicle management industry-oriented logistics management and automated production management industry, UHF-band RFID products is expected over the next five years to become the mainstream of RFID application;

RFID radio frequency Express: sincere technology Intel's UHF RFID chip reader product plan application areas?

Feng: our upcoming Intel-based RFID technology's full range of products, of UHF RFID multi-protocol compatible technology, the development of compatible multifunctional, multi-protocol, compact structure, modular, low-power, proprietary Advanced UHF reader product, product family includes reader module, multiport reader, and the integration of different antenna gain readers, handheld reader, etc.

Our company as a professional reader manufacturer, will fully support system integrators for various applications with a full range of services.

On the domestic and international application, the application first or in the near future to traffic, but the logistics, security, security needs

Growing rapidly, we will strengthen and application unit, application system integrators of communication to promote RFID technology.

RFID radio frequency Express: If you say that now the whole UHF reader market size and a bit small, Intel, sincere technology would like computer products enterprise, raised Chinese reader industry even entire RFID industry event of the "revolution"?

Feng: Intel's UHF RFID Reader main processing chip that will significantly reduce UHF reader material costs and production costs, raise Chinese reader product design's "revolution".

Recently, because the UHF reader market size is not large enough for the product cost is mostly management and cost of sales, but as the market expands, material and production costs will appear, creating strong win, weak eliminated.

RFID radio frequency Express: UHF band yet in China climate (Ministry of information industry will soon announce the UHF range, anecdotally delineation in 917 ~ 926MHz, but currently there is only a guess), sincere technology product key with UHF RFID application starter, glorious "regression" to the domestic market, there are no specific measures?

Total: as domestic Fung UHF RFID application of warming, sincere technology to increase in the domestic market is the inevitable trend, sincere technology is currently actively involved in the country many major RFID application project, and will continue to remain in the UHF and 2.45GHz reader product production and exports in the first national industry.

As a professional UHF and 2.45GHzRFID product technology and factories, will continue to actively support and participate in the formulation of UHF RFID standards in the hope that the early introduction of China standards, enabling the healthy development of Chinese RFID industry.

RFID radio frequency Express: Feng generalizes to China RFID industry's "love's message".

Feng: wished the Chinese RFID national industry health development.

Interview with PostScript: through exchange with feng, feeling Feng is always a plain, a moderate yet able academic leadership, sincere technology glory "regression" to the domestic market, China RFID national industry adds a fire, would such as Feng wish, China RFID industry of tomorrow a better place (text/Lu sometime)!

To the Olympic Games as an opportunity: the development of intelligent transport systems

Traffic safety, traffic congestion and environmental pollution is plagued by today's international transit area of the three major challenges, particularly in the traffic safety problems are most severe.

Use intelligent transportation technologies enhance road management level, the only traffic accident deaths is expected to decrease by 30% and to improve transport efficiency in the use of more than 50%. To this end, the world's developed countries are racing to invest a lot of money and Manpower, conducting a large-scale test of intelligent transportation technologies.

Our traffic is the biggest problem is a large population.

In addition, the composition of traffic flow is also very complex, in addition to the huge crowd of vehicle flow, lines, bicycle stream, there are more and more power-assisted bicycles, tricycles and other transportation modes.

While intelligent transportation technologies (ITS) is expected to alleviate this problem.

ITS is the advanced information technologies, data communication transmission technology, electronic control technology, computer technology, applied to the transport industry, thus forming a kind of information, intelligence, and socialization of new transportation system that makes it possible for transport infrastructure to achieve optimal efficiency. The technology in the 1980s, originating from the United States States actively sought in this area of development.

Our intelligent traffic in exploring their own roads, earlier we also try to foreign technology directly to application, however, the actual use is satisfactory.

Because of our low-traffic for a long time there effectiveness, security level to low, the low level of service, the linking of different transport modes do not smooth; million cars in total mortality rate and high ranking ranking.

Currently only the new Beijing is more than 2000 vehicles per day, for transit management and services put forward higher requirements.

The Olympic Games to accelerate the improvement of the intelligent transportation systems.

Route of the Olympic Games, Olympic venues around 120 Office system control traffic signal. In addition, a traffic building integrated monitoring system, the system includes video surveillance and detection of traffic flow and traffic violation detection three subsystems. At the same time, at the Olympic venues surrounding and related road construction also 80 television monitoring points, 15 sets of traffic automatic incident detection system, 80 sets of digital video system.