Infrared thermal imaging technologies and in intelligent video surveillance (1)

I. introduction

In 1672, Newton use beamsplitter sunlight (white) into red, Orange, yellow, green, green, blue, purple, and other assorted monochromatic light, confirmed by sunlight (white light) is composed of various colors of light composite.

1800, United Kingdom physicist F. W. j. Xu from hot to study various shade, accidentally discovered in the patches of red light, a thermometer, than other shade temperature indicates that the value is high. After repeated testing, this so-called heat up in the high temperature area, always located on the edge of light most of red light. So he announced: solar radiation in the visible light line, a human eye's "hotline", this invisible "hotline" is located in the red light outside, called infrared. This infrared, also known as infrared radiation, which is the wavelength of 0.78 ~ 1000 μm electromagnetic waves. Which wavelength 0.78 ~ 1.5 μm part known as the near-infrared, wavelength 1.5 ~ 10 μm part called the infrared wavelength is 10 ~ 1000 μm part known as far infrared. And wavelength 2.0 ~ 1000 μm, also known as thermal infrared.

Infrared radiation is the nature of the most extensive of electromagnetic radiation, it is in continuous spectrum of electromagnetic waves in position is in radio waves and the area between the visible light.

This infrared radiation is, based on any object in the General environment will produce their own molecular and Atomic motion without rules, and keep the thermal infrared radiation energy. Molecular and Atomic motion more violent, more radiant of energy; On the contrary, the smaller the radiation energy.

In nature, every body will radiate infrared, so use detector target itself and the difference between infrared background, you can get different infrared images, called thermal images.

The same objectives of thermal image and visible image, it is not a human eye can see visible image, but a target surface temperature distribution of images. Or you can say that it is the human eye cannot see the target surface temperature distribution, but rather into the human eye can see represents the destination surface temperature distribution in thermal images. Use this method to achieve the target distance hot image imaging and measurement, and intelligent analysis and judgement.

We all know, the Gulf war has become a display of high-tech weapons the use of advanced technology platform.

In these new technologies, infrared thermal imaging technology is the most shining one high-tech technology. Infrared thermography (Infrared thermal imaging technology) is the use of a variety of probes to receive objects emit infrared radiation, optical information processing, and finally to digital, signal, image, etc. displayed, and take advantage of discovery, observation and study various objects of a comprehensive technology. It involves optical system design, device physics, materials, micro-machining, signal processing and display, packaging and Assembly, and a series of specialized technologies. The technology in addition to the main applications in the cloud of darkness or thick curtain's goal in detection, detection of camouflage's goals and objectives of the high-speed movement, military applications, it also can be widely used in industrial, agricultural, medical, fire, archaeological, geological, public transport, reconnaissance, and other civil areas. If this technology in large areas of applied to security monitoring will lead to changes in the field of security monitoring.

Intelligent video surveillance technology is the computer vision and pattern recognition technology in video surveillance applications, it can be the target of a video image for automatically monitoring, identification, tracking and analysis, to provide users with useful for monitoring and early warning of critical information.

Foreign intelligent video surveillance techniques for momentum is derived from the monitoring of the special needs of supervision, particularly since 2001, 9 · 11 after the incident, for counter-terrorism and national security, social stability and the need for intelligent video surveillance and early warning technology has gradually become an international concern advanced research field. Especially in some special applications, such as inclement weather 24h 24 x 7 monitoring, border and perimeter intrusion alarm, fire hazards of automatic identification, abandoned luggage and packages, and other legacy object detection, stolen loot to find, buried body find etc, if using infrared imaging technology for intelligent video surveillance for detection and identification, more convenient and easy. The following will introduce this infrared thermal imaging technology, the advantages and disadvantages, next-generation infrared thermal imaging system composition and working principle and its intelligent video monitoring applications.

II. infrared thermal imaging technology development

From 1800, the United Kingdom physicist j. Xu, discovered infrared, opened up the human application of infrared technology's broad road.

In the second world war, Germany with infrared variable like pipe, developed active night vision and infrared communication equipment, infrared technology development laid the Foundation.

After the second world war, first by the United States, Texas instruments (TI) for the first time in 1964 and develop successful first generation for military infrared imaging device, called infrared homing vision systems (FLIR).

It is the use of optical and mechanical system under test objectives of infrared scanning by photon detector receive two dimensional infrared radiation, the photoelectric conversion and processing, the resulting heat image video signal and display on the screen.

The mid-1960s, Sweden Aga and Sweden State Electricity Board in the infrared homing on the basis of the vision system, developed with temperature measurement function of thermal infrared imaging device.

This second-generation infrared imaging device, commonly referred to as thermal imager.

In the 1970s, France Tom's company has developed, without cooling infrared TV products.

In 1986, Sweden developed real-time imaging system for industrial use, it need not be liquid or gas, but the way in thermoelectric cooling, the available battery power supply; 1988 and launch a fully functional, thermal camera, temperature measurement, modify, analysis, image acquisition, storage, fitness, weight less than 7kg, make equipment features, accuracy and reliability are significantly improved.

By the mid-1990s, the United States F

SI company first developed by the military to civilian use and commercialization of next-generation infrared camera, it is a focal plane array structure of staring imaging device, more advanced technical capabilities, spot temperature measurement is only targeted exposure of the image, and storage to the computer's PC card. The setting of various parameters, you can go back to modified interior with software and analysis, and finally concluded that the inspection report directly. Since replaced the complex mechanical scanning, instrument weight is less than 2kg, like, like a handheld camera with one hand to operate the use.

With the infrared focal plane array technology to the rapid development of the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Canada, Israel and other Western developed countries are racing to the development and production of advanced infrared focal plane array camera, which the United States in infrared focal plane array sensor is the level of development of the lead position, its focal plane array size is greater than 2048 × 2048 element, has close to visible light Silicon CCD array level.

Japan in world first to achieve 100 million pixel integrated single-chip infrared focal plane array, in a variety of aspects, from HgCdTe, InSb, GaAlAs/GaAs quantum wells and PtSi to Uncooled infrared focal plane array and other types of products to market, to seize business opportunities; France, Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom, Germany and Italy, in Uncooled infrared camera technology development has shown its competitive position in the forefront, as hot as AGEMA Inc., 570 AGEMA520 and Germany STNATLAS electronic company driver vision enhancement system, has a very high level and market competitiveness. In addition, Canada, Israel, Korea, Australia, Poland, Singapore, some companies and agencies are trying to develop advanced infrared focal plane array thermal camera technology, competition has several continents worldwide.

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