Subway bombings to see the construction and operation of foreign subway security (1).

<P> With the development of urban transport, the rapid advance of subway construction on the one hand, the construction of subway security relationship between the development of the city, on the other hand to prevent the safe operation of the subway fire, to prevent terrorist attacks, the prevention of suicide and other accidents have been people .attention. .On such a large and busy transport system, security is a priority. .</ P> <P> Japan subway construction plugging security holes </ P> <P> Japan is Asia's first subway construction of the country, in building the MTR has a rich experience. .The first step they took from the safety of subway construction into an important place to look, and to carry out security awareness throughout the construction process, from start to finish plugging security holes subway construction. .</ P> <P> underground pipes than 20 meters deep underground </ P> <P> continental plates in a fault zone in Japan, so more frequent earthquakes, because of this, Japan for the construction of underground facilities such as subway .The building must be considered to avoid the seismic zone, prone to landslides and soil accidents drainage systems. .For this reason, from a subway construction began on the protection of human reason by the non-occurrence of the possibility of subway accidents is relatively small. .But once some construction units do not pay attention or force majeure, accident in Japan's subway construction will encounter. .</ P> <P> 1995 年 3 months, Kintetsu Ikoma Mountains in the vicinity of underground excavation of the tunnel when the tunnel under the ground because of too much pressure led to projects in the pipeline ruptured, spewing out a lot of groundwater, although .workers do not have casualties, but a large area around the houses is seepage. .Only 90 in the last century, these incidents took place nearly 10 occasions. .</ P> <P> because of groundwater in the subway tunnel accident frequency, so the Japanese government provided to the general underground water pipe in the ground pavement up to 40 meters deep place, and most of the metro was built 20 meters underground at. .If ground water pipeline construction in the subway or in parallel at the top, once in the tunneling time due to human or force majeure, then make the pipe leakage occurs similar to that in 1995, subway construction accident, when a similar incident occurred in the operation, more .will be a serious threat to passenger safety, so make sewer construction to the bottom. .Would also facilitate the sewer and subway staggered. .</ P> <P> the high cost of underground construction projects, preferably in one step. .Data shows that Tokyo's subway construction cost per km up to 1 billion yen, so that long duration, cost of large projects must be careful and meticulous research, we must first place in terms of site selection and construction to seek the building engineering, environmental protection ., crisis management experts in the field of view. .</ P> <P> introduction of a "deep underground space use a" </ P> <P> Japanese subway construction provided by law may bring a range of security issues. .Japan, "Labor Safety and Health Act," requires that all production activities of enterprises and independent units of labor security system must be established, appointed or designated person in charge of occupational safety and health, supervision and guidance of corporate safety, subway construction is no exception. .Japan's regulatory body in which to play the role of supervision and inspection and specification. .They attach great importance to the safety of advanced management and process management. .</ P> <P> construction of the tunnel when the fire developed, waterproof, landslides and other contingency plans; for special terrain but also special treatment, such as when passing through dense houses lots of advance strengthening of ground to construction, to prevent pressure .produce too large landslides and tunnel built with advanced testing, monitoring and safety alarm system. .</ P> <P> the training of construction workers on the subway is almost borne by the whole society, not just a thing the Corporation. .In addition to the Corporation's training, the training of social workers in tension also makes the string of production safety, and not to "rush period" to the neglect of safety in production. .</ P> <P> But some experts on the Japanese subway construction and construction are also put forward their own views. .Japan, Shimane University, Hung Kuang Hiramatsu, believes that the tunnel construction technology is improving, but in June 2001 introduced the "deep underground space use" and other supporting regulations, only carrying capacity of the underground building in the technical standards .made a requirement. .In addition, Japan is also the lack of subway tunnels and other underground structures fully accountable executive. .</ P> <P> UK emergency management team dedicated subway </ P> <P> London Underground is also the world's oldest and busiest subway system. .London's first subway, but also the world's first subway built in the January 10, 1863 opening. .</ P> <P> 100 years, London's subway system continue to develop and expand. .Today London Underground system has been used in all electric, with 255 points, lines up to 253 miles, 976 million passengers annually transport of passengers, that is, the London Underground will carry 300 million passengers a day. .On such a large and busy transport system, the operational safety is a priority. .</ P> <P> how to prevent subway fire? .</ P> <P> installed a "fast track" fire detection and alarm system, metro staff every two years must attend a mandatory fire safety training. .</ P> <P> [1] [2].